Nomenclature of Organic Compounds

Question 1

What are the three ways in which hydrocarbons can be classified?

Answer 1

Aliphatic
Alicyclics
Aromatic

Question 2

What is meant by the term aromatic?

Answer 2

Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring.

Question 3

What is meant by the term alicyclic?

Answer 3

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring structures.

Question 4

What is meant by the term aliphatic?

Answer 4

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains.

Question 5

What are the three homologous series of aliphatic hydrocarbons that you need to be aware of?

Answer 5

Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes

Question 6

What type of bonds do alkanes have?

Answer 6

Single carbon-to-carbon bonds

Question 7

What type of bonds do alkenes have?

Answer 7

At least one double carbon-to-carbon bond.

Question 8

What type of bond do alkynes have?

Answer 8

At least one triple carbon-to-carbon bond.

Question 9

What does the stem of the name indicate?

Answer 9

The number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain.

Question 10

What can a prefix indicate?

Answer 10

The presence of side chains or functional groups.

Question 11

What does a suffix indicate?

Answer 11

Functional groups

Question 12

What is the suffix for alkanes?

Answer 12

-ane

Question 13

What is meant by the term alkyl group?

Answer 13

These are any side chains that are attached to the parent chain.

Question 14

What is the name of the alkyl group added to?

Answer 14

The prefix of the name of the parent chain.

Question 15

What is added before the alkyl group to show where the alkyl group is located?

Answer 15

Numbers

Question 16

What should you do if there are two or more possible chains of the same length in a molecule?

Answer 16

Use the chain with the most branches as this is considered the longest chain.

Question 17

What is the order of alkyl groups?

Answer 17

This is done alphabetically.

Question 18

What prefix should you use when naming alicyclic alkanes?

Answer 18

Cyclo-

Question 19

What is the suffix for alkenes?

Answer 19

-ene

Question 20

What must be stated for alkenes that have four or more carbon atoms in their longest chain?

Answer 20

The position of the C=C bond.

Question 21

What are the three ways in which hydrocarbons can be classified?

Answer 21

Aliphatic
Alicyclics
Aromatic

Question 22

What is meant by the term aromatic?

Answer 22

Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring.

Question 23

What is meant by the term alicyclic?

Answer 23

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring structures.

Question 24

What is meant by the term aliphatic?

Answer 24

Carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains.

Question 25

What are the three homologous series of aliphatic hydrocarbons that you need to be aware of?

Answer 25

Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes

Question 26

What type of bonds do alkanes have?

Answer 26

Single carbon-to-carbon bonds

Question 27

What type of bonds do alkenes have?

Answer 27

At least one double carbon-to-carbon bond.

Question 28

What type of bond do alkynes have?

Answer 28

At least one triple carbon-to-carbon bond.

Question 29

What does the stem of the name indicate?

Answer 29

The number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous chain.

Question 30

What can a prefix indicate?

Answer 30

The presence of side chains or functional groups.

Question 31

What does a suffix indicate?

Answer 31

Functional groups

Question 32

What is the suffix for alkanes?

Answer 32

-ane

Question 33

What is meant by the term alkyl group?

Answer 33

These are any side chains that are attached to the parent chain.

Question 34

What is the name of the alkyl group added to?

Answer 34

The prefix of the name of the parent chain.

Question 35

What is added before the alkyl group to show where the alkyl group is located?

Answer 35

Numbers

Question 36

What should you do if there are two or more possible chains of the same length in a molecule?

Answer 36

Use the chain with the most branches as this is considered the longest chain.

Question 37

What is the order of alkyl groups?

Answer 37

This is done alphabetically.

Question 38

What prefix should you use when naming alicyclic alkanes?

Answer 38

Cyclo-

Question 39

What is the suffix for alkenes?

Answer 39

-ene

Question 40

What must be stated for alkenes that have four or more carbon atoms in their longest chain?

Answer 40

The position of the C=C bond.

Question 41

What is the functional group of an alkene?

Answer 41

C=C

Question 42

What is the functional group of an alcohol?

Answer 42

-OH

Question 43

What is the functional group of a haloalkane?

Answer 43

- Cl - Br - I

Question 44

What is the functional group of an aldehyde?

Answer 44

-CHO

Question 45

What is the functional group of a ketone?

Answer 45

-C(CO)C-

Question 46

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?

Answer 46

-COOH

Question 47

What is the functional group of an ester?

Answer 47

-COOC-

Question 48

What is the functional group of an acrylic chloride?

Answer 48

-COCl

Question 49

What is the functional group of an amine?

Answer 49

-NH2

Question 50

What is the functional group of a nitrile?

Answer 50

-CN

Question 51

What is the prefix for alcohols?

Answer 51

Hydroxy-

Question 52

What are the prefixes for haloalkanes?

Answer 52

Chloro- Bromo- Iodo-

Question 53

What is the prefix for an amine?

Answer 53

Amino-

Question 54

What is the suffix for an alcohol?

Answer 54

-ol

Question 55

What is the suffix for aldehydes?

Answer 55

-al

Question 56

What is the suffix for ketones?

Answer 56

-one

Question 57

What is the suffix for carboxylic acids?

Answer 57

-oic acid

Question 58

What is the suffix for an ester?

Answer 58

-oate

Question 59

What is the suffix for an acyl chloride?

Answer 59

-oyl chloride

Question 60

What is the suffix for an amine?

Answer 60

-amine

Question 61

What is the suffix for a nitrile?

Answer 61

-nitrile