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Chem 4 > Chemical Reactions of The Alkanes > Flashcards

Chemical Reactions of The Alkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

Why are alkanes not very reactive?

A

The sigma bonds are strong.
The C-C bonds are non-polar
The carbon and hydrogen bonds have electronegativities so similar that they are considered non-polar.

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2
Q

What do all alkanes react with to produce carbon dioxide and water?

A

A plentiful supply of oxygen.

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3
Q

Why are alkenes used as fuel?

A

They are available, easy to transport and burn without releasing toxic products.

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4
Q

What are the reactants in combustion?

A

An alkane and oxygen.

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5
Q

What are the products of combustion complete combustion?

A

Carbon dioxide and water.

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6
Q

What is the one thing that always has one mole in combustion?

A

The alkane.

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7
Q

What are the products of incomplete combustion?

A

CO, CO2, H2O, C

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8
Q

When does incomplete combustion occur?

A

When there is not enough oxygen.

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9
Q

What is required in order for alkanes to react with halogens?

A

UV light

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10
Q

Why is UV light needed in the reaction of alkanes with halogens?

A

To provide the initial energy for the reaction.

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11
Q

What type of reaction is the reaction of alkanes with alkenes?

A

Substitution

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12
Q

What is the mechanism for the bromination of alkanes called?

A

Radical substitution.

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13
Q

What are the three stages for radical substitution?

A

Initiation
Propagation
Termination

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14
Q

What happens in the initiation step?

A

The covalent bond in a bromine molecule is broken by homolytic fission.

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15
Q

What is formed in the initiation step?

A

Two bromine radicals.

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16
Q

Where does the energy for bond fission come from in initiation?

A

The UV light.

17
Q

What happens in the propagation stage?

A

A chain reaction

18
Q

How many equations are used to show propagation?

A

2

19
Q

What should always be different when constructing a propagation equation?

A

The reactant radical should be different to the product radical.

20
Q

What radical should be used for the second propagation equation?

A

The product radical from the first equation.

21
Q

In theory, when does the propagation stage end?

A

When the products run out.

22
Q

In practice, when does propagation end?

A

When two radicals collide.

23
Q

What happens in the termination step?

A

The two radicals collide.

24
Q

What is formed in the termination step?

A

A molecule with all electrons paired.

25
Q

How many possible termination steps are there?

A

This depends on the amount of radicals involved in the propagation step.

26
Q

Why does the reaction stop when both radicals collide?

A

They react and are therefore removed from the reaction mixture.

Chem 4 (11 decks)

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