Nomenclature Flashcards
Steps of IUPAC naming
- Identify longest chain
- Number parent chain
- Name substituents
- Number substituents
- Complete name
Alkane
Simple hydrocarbon molecules, CnH(2n+2)
Alkene
Double bonds
Alkyne
Triple bonds
Alcohols
-OH; name by replacing -e with -ol
Diol
two -OHs; add -diol to end of name
geminal diol
diols with -OH groups on same carbon
vicinal diol
diols with -OH groups on adjacent carbons
hydrates
aka geminal diol; spontaneously dehydrate to produce carbonyl compounds
carbonyl group
carbon double bonded to an oxygen
aldehydes
carbonyl group found at the end of parent chain; named by replacing -e with -al
ketone
carbonyl group in the middle of parent chain; named by replacing -e with -one
aldehyde and ketone substituents
-oxo or -keto
carboxylic acid
contain both a carbonyl and a hydroxyl on a terminal carbon
ester
carboxylic acid derivative in which the -OH is replaced with an alkoxy group (-OR)
naming esters
first term is the alkyl name of the esterifying group; second term is the name of the parent group with -oate replacing -oic acid
amides
carboxylic acid derivative where -OH group is replaced by an amino group
naming amides
first term is the alkyl name of the group after the amide; second term is the name of the parent group with -amide replacing -oic acid; N- is placed in front of substituents attached to the nitrogen atom
anhydrides
carboxylic acid derivative with two C=Os with a O in between
naming anhydrides
replace acid with anhydride; if not symmetrical, both carboxylic acids are named before anhydride is added
