Nomenclature

Question 1

What are the roots that indicate whether the molecule is saturated or not?

Answer 1

saturated -ene unsaturated -ane

Question 2

What is a functional group?

Answer 2

the reactive group on a organic molecule functional groups react in the same way, whatever the length of the hydrocarbon chain

Question 3

What family is this molecule from and what is its suffix

Answer 3

aldehyde

• al
  e. g. ethanal

Question 4

What family is this molecule from and what is its suffix?

Answer 4

ketone

• one
  e. g. propanone

Question 5

What family is this molecule from and what is its suffix?

Answer 5

carboxylic acid

• oic acid
  e. g. ethanoic acid

Question 6

How are halogenoalkanes named?

Answer 6

are named using a prefix (e.g. fluro)

Question 7

What is a homologous series?

Answer 7

a family of organic compounds with the same functional group but a different carbon chain length

Question 8

What are the common characteristics of molecules in the same homologous series?

Answer 8

have the same general formula (e.g. for alkanes its is C_nH_2n+2)

Each member of the series differs from the next by CH₂

The length of the chain has little effect on the chemical reactivity of the functional group

Length and branching affects physical properties - e.g. boiling points and solubility

Question 9

How does length and branching affect boiling point?

Answer 9

Larger length means there is an increase in van der Waals because there are more atoms attracting each other

More branching reduces the boiling point because it means molecules aren’t packed as closely together, therefore the van der Waals are weaker because they aren’t close enough to interact