Nomenclature

Question 1

If the molecule only has a single bond what is the ending

Answer 1

-ane

Question 2

If the molecule has a double bond what is the ending and what must you add to the name

Answer 2

-ene | the carbon that the double bond(s) occur on AND whether it is E/Z

Question 3

If the molecule has a triple bond what is the ending and what must you add to the name

Answer 3

-yne | carbon that the triple bond(s) occur on

Question 4

What are the 4 steps to naming a molecule:

Answer 4

1. Count the number of the longest carbon chain that also has the greatest number of branches
2. Number the carbons to give the lower numbers to the branching point
3. Name each substituent on the parent chain
4. Construct name

Question 5

What is the order for a name? What are the 2 major rules?

Answer 5

(carbon number of substituent)-(name of substituent)-(parent chain compound name)-ane
Rule 1: If there is more than 1 of the same substituent, each substituent will have it’s carbon listed and the amount of total substituents will be indicated by either di- , tri-, tetra- added to the name
Rule 2: substituents are listed alphabetically and do NOT consider prefixes.

Question 6

List the compound name for groups of carbon from 1-10

Answer 6

1 - methane
2 - ethane
3 - propane
4 - butane
5 - pentane
6 - hexane
7 - heptane
8 - octane
9 - nonane
10 - decane

Question 7

What do you do with the compound name of carbon groups if they are a substituent?

Answer 7

replace -ane with -yl

Question 8

What are the specialty substituent alkane groups? Draw them

Answer 8

isopropyl (iPr) - looks like Y
isobutyl (iBu) - looks like Y with an elongated stem
tertbutyl (tBu) - looks like a +
neopentyl - looks like a t

Question 9

What are the specialty alkene substituent groups? Draw them

Answer 9

Vinyl (3 carbons, double bond between 1-2)
Allyl (4 carbons, double bond between 1-4)
Isopropenyl - (3 carbons, double bond between 1-2, methyl group on 2)
Styrene (phenyl group, ethyl group coming off with end of ethyl having double bond)

Question 10

What is an alkane in the form of a ring? How do you name it?

Answer 10

A cycloalkane
Add cyclo- to the parent chain name