Functional Groups & Definitions Flashcards
Draw Carboxylic Acid & name suffix
-ic Acid
Draw a ketone & name suffix
-one
Draw an ester & name suffix
-oate
Draw an alcohol & name suffix
-ol
Draw an amide & name suffix
-ide
Draw an aldehyde & name suffix
-al
Draw an amine & name suffix
-Amine
Draw an ether & name suffix
-ether
Define stereochemistry
Arrangement of atoms in 3D space
Define substituents
Groups connected to the main chain
Define parent chain
Main chain
Define unsaturation
Presence of double bonds, triple bonds, or rings. Molecule is no longer saturated in Hydrogen
Define functional group
Group after which a compound is named. A group other than C’s and H’s.
Define alkane
Molecule with only single bonds
Define alkene
Molecule with both double and single bonds
Define stereoisomers
Molecules with the same molecular formula and connections, but have different spatial arrangements
Define cis. Is it Z or E
same side. It is a Z-config
Define trans. Is it Z or E
different sides. It is an E-config
Define alkyne
Molecules with a triple bond
Define a steric interaction
Repulsion occurring when atoms are in each other’s spaces.
Define a stereocenter. What is another name for it?
A carbon connected to 4 different groups. AKA chiral center
Define enantiomer
a stereoisomer with 2 molecules that are mirror images, but are not superimposable (can’t overlay them).
Which way is an R-config?
clockwise
Which way is an S-config?
counterclockwise
Define diastereomer
Molecules with the same stereocenter that are not mirror images and not superimposable
How can identical molecules look different?
chair flips, single bond movements.
It is the SAME MOLECULE in different conformations.
Define meso
A compound with stereocenters AND the overall compound has symmetry.
Which type of compounds (chiral vs achiral) will/won’t rotate their plane when in the presence of polarized light? Why?
Chiral - will rotate plane due to no internal plane of symmetry
Achiral - will NOT rotate plane due to symmetry within molecule.
Racemic mixture
A 50% R-config / 50% S-config mixture, resulting in the molecule not rotating light.
