CH8 Mechanisms Flashcards
Define mechanism
Shows how a reaction occurs. Demonstrates how an electron flows.
Name the 3 types of mechanisms
Ionic, Radical, and Pericyclic.
Key for demonstrating electrons (find what and go towards what)
Find the most negative/partial negative souce and use that to go towards the most positive/partial positive source.
Define nucleophile
Ion or compound that is capable of donating a pair of electrons
*Must had a pi bond or lone pair(s)
Define electrophile
Ion or compound poor in electron density and want electrons.
Define Basicity and what makes a base strong/weak
Basicity is the measure of the position of equilibrium of an acid/base reaction.
A strong base = donate electrons quickly, picks up H+ quickly
A weak base = donate electrons slowly, picks up H+ slowly.
Define nucleophilicity and what makes a strong/weak nuc?
Nucleophility is how quickly a nuc will attack.
A strong nuc attacks fast, but a weak one reacts slow.
Define a proton transfer
Transfer of H is fast and happens first.
What makes something a strong nuc and a strong base?
Can donate electrons easily and pick up protons easily.
What makes something a weak nuc and a weak base?
Does not donate electrons easily or pick up protons easily
What makes something a strong nuc and a weak base?
Donates electrons easily but does not pick up protons easily.
What makes something a weak nuc and strong base?
Pick up protons easily but does not donate electrons easily.
Define polarizable
Electron density can shift more easily in response to external influence due to size. Polarizable makes a good nuc.
Define Carbocations
Unstable, high energy, short-lived intermediates that can be rearranged to low energy intermediates.
What are the 2 types of resonance stabilized carbocations?
Allylic carbocation and Benzylic carbocation
