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Inorganic Chem > Nomenclature > Flashcards

Nomenclature Flashcards

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1
Q

How are elements classified

A

1.Metals- solids(except mercury) with high electrical and thermal conductivity
2.Non-metals-gases or solids(except bromine)-without metallic characteristics
3. Metaloids/semi-metals-have characteristics between metals and non-metals

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2
Q

How does metallic character behave in periodic table

A

Decresses across a period and increases down a group

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3
Q

What are hydrocarbons

A

Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen

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4
Q

What are organic compounds

A

Hydrocarbons and their derivates

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5
Q

What are inorganic compounds

A

They contain all the rest of the elements, including some carbon based compounds(CO,CO2, carbides(C+metal/semi-metal), carbonates(XCO3(CO3^2-)) and cyanides(-CN(CN-))

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6
Q

What kind of formulas exist

A
  1. Molecular formula-nature and the actual number of different types of atom in a molecule. It uses chem symbols and numbers as subscript(ex. H2O)
    2.Structural formula- example H-O-H(showing the rough geometry of the molecule)
    3.Molecular models-different types
    a)space-fillimg model-advantage:sizing and distance; disadvantage:doesn’t show bonds, can’t understand geometry of the molecule
    b)ball-and-stick model-adv:geometry representation: diadv:not accurate sizing, distance is exaggerated
    4.Empirical formula-putting simbols with subscipts that give the simplest possible formula expressing the composituon(ex.H2O2==>HO)
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7
Q

What is oxidation and reduction

A

-Oxidation-loss of e-. oxidizing reagent-removes e- from something else
-Reduction-gain of e-.reducing reagent-gives e- to something else.

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8
Q

What happens to oxidation state during oxidation/reduction

A

During oxidation-increases
During reduction- decreases

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9
Q

Some basic ox states

A

F= -1
O= -2(except in O2(^2-),O2(^-), OF2)
H= +1(except when with metals==> -1)
Cl= -1(except when with O and F->they are more electronegative)
Group 1=+1
Group 2=+2

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10
Q

How are oxidation states written

A

Signs+number
For charges= number+ sign

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11
Q

What is ion

A

Ion is an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. Anion-negatively charged
Cation-positively charged

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12
Q

What is ionic compound

A

Chemical compound composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces. It’s neutral overall.

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13
Q

What formulas do we use with ionic compounds

A

Unit formula since we don’t have a molecule
Ex.NaCl 1Na+ion per 1Cl-ion

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14
Q

What name do monoatomic cations have

A

Same as the element
Na+=sodium ion
Al3+=aluminium ion

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15
Q

How are names of monoatomic cations with many oxidation states given

A

The oxidation state is given in brackets in Roman numerals.
-older sistem uses -ous and -ic where ous is used for Fe2+(2+oxidation state) and -ic for Fe3+(3+ ox.state)
Fe 2+=ferrous ion OR iron(II) ion
Fe 3+= ferric OR iron(III) ion

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16
Q

What is the only relevant polyatomic cation

A

NH4+ =ammonium ion

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17
Q

Give me traditional and stock names for:
Cu 2+; Hg 2+

A

Cu 2+= cupric; copper(II)
Hg 2+= mercuric; mercury(II)

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18
Q

How is the name given to monoatomic anions

A

They have the same stem as the element name, but the ending is -ide

19
Q

Give me names of :
Cl- ; S 2-, O 2-

A

Cloride
Sulfide
Oxide

20
Q

How are names of polyatomic anions organized

A

They are mostly oxyanions, they have endings -ite(less number of oxygen) and -ate(bigger num of Ol

21
Q

Name: NO3- ; NO2 - ; SO4 2-

A

Nitrate, nitrite, sulfate

22
Q

Name them differently: Li2SO4, Cu(NO3)2 ; K2CO3

A

Li2SO4= dilithium tetraoxosulphate
Cu(NO3)2= copper ditrioxonitrate
K2CO3= dipotassium trioxocarbonate

23
Q

What are molecular compounds

A

They consist of molecules. They are made from 2 non-metals or semi-metals

24
Q

How are molecular compound named

A

More electropositive element name+ more electronegative +-ide
HCl = hydrogen cloride
H2S= hydrogen sulfide

25
Q

Name: CO, CO2, NO2, Cl2O7,

A

Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Diclorine heptaoxide

26
Q

How are binary molecular compounds with hydrogen named

A

They use common name
Ex. B2H6=diborane
CH4=methane
NH3=ammonia

27
Q

Name PH3

A

Phosphine

28
Q

Name SiH4

A

Silane

29
Q

How are hydracids named

A

Non-metal name+idric+acid
HCl= cloridric acid
H2S= sulfidric acid

30
Q

Name HNO3 anr HNO2

A

HNO3= Nitric acid
HNO2=Nitrous acid

31
Q

Name: HClO , HClO2, HClO3, HClO4

A

Hypoclorous acid
Chlorous acid
Cloric acid
Perchloric acid

32
Q

Name ClO3 -

A

Chlorate ion

33
Q

Name H3PO4 and its intermediate acid anions

A

H3PO4= phosforic acid
H2PO4 - = dihydrogenphosphate ion
HPO4 (2-)= monohydrogenphosphate ion
PO4 (3-)= phosphate ion

34
Q

What are hydrates

A

Hydrated ionic compounds that have specific number of water molecules in their chemical formulas

35
Q

Name CuSO4 • 5H2O

A

Copper(II) sulphate pentahydrate

36
Q

What are anydrous compound

A

It forms when hydrates are heated
Ex: CuSO4= copper(II) sulphate(anydrous)

37
Q

What are basic oxides

A

Oxides of metal. With water they form hydroxides(they are basic compounds)

38
Q

What are acidic oxides

A

Oxides of non metals. They are knowns as anhydrides. In water they form acid

39
Q

What is neutralization reaction

A

Reaction where hydroxides and acids react to form salts

40
Q

Name ClO2 -

A

Chlorite ion

41
Q

Name C2O4

A

Oxalate

42
Q

How are O (2-) and O2 (2-) ions called

A

Oxide
Peroxide

43
Q

What are binary, ternary and quaternary compounds

A

Binary= ionic and molecular compounds, hydrides,hydracid
Ternary= hydroxide, oxoacid,salt
Quaternary= salt of intermediate acid

Inorganic Chem (9 decks)

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