Nomenclature

Question 1

What are hydrocarbons

Answer 1

Hydrocarbons are molecules that only contain Carbon and Hydrogen ( C & H )
- alkanes
- alkenes
- alkynes

Question 2

What are linear alkanes

Answer 2

They only contain ch2 and 2 ch3 groups
- such as
- methane
- ethane
- propane
- butane

Question 3

What is a branched alkane

Answer 3

they contain at least one CH or one C atom

• one carbon atom is linked to more then 2 carbon atoms

Question 4

What do you do to name an alkane

Answer 4

1- identify the parent chain ( longest continuous chain)
2- identify the branches to generate a radical name ( ane to yl e.g methane to methyl)
3- identify the numbering which will be the locant
4- sort by alphabetical order

Question 5

what are cyclic alkanes

Answer 5

an alkane with a branch that closes in on itself where cyclo is used in name

e.g. a triangle would be cyclopropane

Question 6

What is an alkene

Answer 6

• they contain at least one double bond
• need to indicate with locants where the double bond lies using the first C (carbon atom) suffix ene e.g. hexene
• parent chain is longest that contains double bond

Question 7

What are alkynes

Answer 7

• contain at least one carbon triple bond
  suffix of yne e.g. 2 hexyne
• indicate with locant where triple bond lies

Question 8

What are alcohols

Answer 8

• Alcohols contain C- OH with the carbon but don’t have double or triple bonds
• OH part of hydroxyl group (carboxylic acids and alcohol) suffix of ol e.g. ethanol
• locant before root

Question 9

What are ethers

Answer 9

method 1 - alkyl alkyl either
method 2- alkoxy alkane

Question 10

What are amines

Answer 10

amines are primary secondary or tertiary
primary has 1 c ( suffix amine e.g. heptanamime)
secondary has 2 c ( for secondary and
tertiary has 3 c tertiary suffix is amine
but parent longer
chain)

Question 11

What are aldehydes

Answer 11

posses a carbonyl group that’s attached to one H atom ( R- CHO) suffix ‘al’ e.g. propanal

Question 12

What are ketones

Answer 12

another class that contain a carbonyl (C=O)
- simple do alkyl alkyl then ketone
e.g. ethyl methyl ketone
- or suffix one e.g. propone

Question 13

What are carboxylic acids

Answer 13

-suffix if oic acid e.g. methylbutanoic acid
- numbering starts at carbonyl carbon atom

Question 14

What is a carbonyl

Answer 14

carbon double bonded to oxygen
examples are
- aldehydes
- ketones
- carboxylic acids

Question 15

What are esters

Answer 15

part carboxylic acid part alcohol

• name the alcohol
• name carboxylic acid and suffix it ‘ oate ‘ e.g. ethyl 3 methylbutanoate

Question 16

What are amides

Answer 16

Amides are part carboxylic acid and part amine
- identify amine
- identify carboxylic acid name it with amide suffix e.g. 3 methylbutanamide

Question 17

what are arenas

Answer 17

• benzene used as parent skeleton
• name compound substituted by benzene