Nomenclature Flashcards
_____ are hydrocarbon molecules with the formula CnH(2n+2)
Alkanes
______ are hydrocarbon molecules with one double bond
Alkene
_____ are hydrocarbon molecules with two double bonds
Alkyne
Alcohols with two hydroxyl groups are called
diols
An alcohol with two hydroxyl groups attached to the same carbon is called
Geminal diol
T/F: geminal diols spontaneously hydrate to form carbonyl compounds
True
____ have carbonyl groups found at the end of a carbon chain
aldehydes
How are aldehydes named?
replacing the e from the alkane with al
______ contain a carbonyl group somewhere in the middle of the carbon chain
ketones
How are ketones named?
by replacing the e in the alkane name with -one
_____ contain a carbonyl group and hydroxyl group on the end of the carbon chain
Carboxylic acids
how are carboxylic acids named?
replacing -e at the end of the parent alkane with -oic aicd
list the carboxylic aicid derivatives (3)
Esters
Amides
Anhydrides
Describe the structure of an ester
a compound where the hydroxyl group of the carboxylic acid is replaced with an alkoxy group
What is an alkoxy group
a hydrocarbon chain attached to an oxygen
What group does an ester have
an alkoxy group
How to name an ester?
first the alkyl name of alkyl R group then the second name is of the parent acid with -oate replacing -oic acid
_____ has the hydroxyl group replaced by an amino group
amide
What is an amino group
a group containing nitrogen
What are anhydrides
a carboxylic acid derivative formed by the combination of two carboxylic acid molecules with the removal of a water molecule
