Isomers Flashcards

1
Q

What are structural isomers

A

structures that share the same molecular formula and molecular weight but have different chemical and physical properties

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2
Q

What is the definition of physical properties

A

characteristics of PROCESSES that do not change the composition of matter

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3
Q

What is the definition of chemical properties

A

have to do with the reactivity of a molecule with other molecules that result in changes of the chemical composition

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4
Q

give examples of physical properties

A
melting point
boiling point
solubulity
odor 
color
density
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5
Q

Chemical properties are usually determined by _____ _____.

A

functional groups

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6
Q

How do STEREOISOMERS differ?

A

the arrangement of the atoms in space (wedge, dash)

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7
Q

How are STEREOISOMERS similar?

A

they share the same molecular formula and molecular connectivity

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8
Q

______ share the same molecular connectivity

A

Stereoisomers

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9
Q

What are the the two types of stereoisomers?

A
  • configurational

- conformational

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10
Q

how do CONFORMATIONAL isomers differ

A

in rotation around a single sigma bond

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11
Q

_______ isomers differ in rotation around a single sigma bond

A

conformational

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12
Q

______ isomers can be interconverted by breaking bonds only

A

configurational

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13
Q

Conformational isomers have the same:

A

connectivity, molecular formula

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14
Q

What is angle strain in cyclic conformation

A

when bond angles are deviated from their ideal values by being stretched or compressed

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15
Q

What is torsional strain

A

when cyclic molecules assume conformations the hav e eclipsed or gauche interactions

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16
Q

What is non bonded strain

A

when atoms or groups compete for the same space

17
Q

What is the most stable conformation of cyclohexane>

18
Q

During a chair flip______ components become _____

A

axial, equatorial

19
Q

Components pointing up from the plane are (wedge/dash)

20
Q

Components pointing down from the plane are (wedge/dash)

21
Q

if two groups are on the same side of the plane of a ring they are considered

22
Q

if two groups are on oppoiste sides of a plane of a ring they are considered

23
Q

What are the two categories of configurational isomers

A

enantiomers

diastereomers

24
Q

if a molecule is chiral it lacks

A

internal plane of symmetry

25
_____ objects have mirror images that CAN be superimposed
achiral
26
Molecules that are nonsuperimposible (chiral) are: A. Diastereomeres B. Enantiomers
B
27
_______ are chiral and share the same connectivity but are NOT mirror images of each other
enantiomers
28
A carbon with only 3 different substituents are
achiral
29
An optically active compound can
rotate lig
30
An optically active compound can
rotate plane polarized light
31
for any molecule with n chiral centers there are ___ possible stereoisomers
2^n
32
____ are non-mirror image configurational isomers
diastereomers
33
if two substituents are on the same side of an immovable bond are
cis
34
if two substituents are on opposite sides of an immovable bond are
trans
35
what must be for a compound to be optically active (2 things)
have chiral centers, lack plane of symmetry
36
A compound with chiral centers and an internal plane of symmetry
meso compound