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CIH > Noise & Vibration > Flashcards

Noise & Vibration Flashcards

1
Q

Sound Power

A

The total energy radiated by the source per unit time

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2
Q

Sound Pressure

A

The root mean square value of the pressure changes above and below atmospheric pressure.

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3
Q

White Noise

A

Random Spectrum with a random energy per unit frequency over a specified frequency band.

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4
Q

Pink Noise

A

Greater energy per frequency

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5
Q

Pure Tone

A

Single frequency

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6
Q

Reverberant field

A

reflected sound from walls

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7
Q

Free field

A

no reflective surfaces

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8
Q

Direct Sound Field

A

direct path to receiver

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9
Q

Outside noise

A

can be perceived as annoying if it exceeds background noise by 10 dB

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10
Q

Signals

A

Sounds 10-15 dB above background

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11
Q

Doubling Sound Power

A

6 dB change in SPL

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12
Q

Vibration

A

Most damaging frequency 1-125 Hz

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13
Q

3 intities of sound

A

Power (W) = Time rate of work (Watts) , Constant
Intensity (I) = Amount of Work over area (Watts/Area), Follows Inverse Squares
Pressure (P) = Usually what is measured ,I P2 , Follows inverse squares

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14
Q

Outer parts of the ear

A

Pinna (sound gathering/directional),
Ear Canal, (excretes wax, acts as a tubular resonator)
Tympanic Membrane (eardrum)

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15
Q

Middle parts of the ear

A

Ossicles - mallus, Incus, and Stapies (attached to oval window)
Estuation tube – equalizes the pressure between the oval and round windows

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16
Q

Inner Transduction

A

liquid to electro-chemical
Parts
- Cochlea
- Organ of corti (attached to 8th cranial nerve)

17
Q

Transmission of sound

A

Stapedial footplate moves the oval window in and out moving the perilympth of the scala vestibule Vibratory activity moves up the scala vestibule causing a downward distortion in the reissner‘s membrane and displacement of the endolympth of the organ of corti.
Vibration of the basilar membrane causes a shearing (pulling) force on the hair cells against the tectorial membrane (process is called transduction). This force activates the nerve endings of the hair cells.
Activity is transmitted through the basilar membrane to the scala tympani. The oval window acts as a relief point by bulging out as the oval window bulges in.

18
Q

Conductive Hearing Loss

A
  • Condition interfering with transmission of sound to the cochlea
  • Can be due to wax, blockage of estuation tube, interruption of ossicular chain due to
    trauma or disease, infection of inner ear, otosclerosis
19
Q

Sensor neural Hearing Loss

A
  • Almost always irreversible
  • Organ of corti or neural impacts of auditory nerve
  • Exposure to excessive noise, presbycusis, viruses (i.e. mumps) and drug toxicity
20
Q

Mixed hearing loss

A

Elements of both conductive and sensor neural

21
Q

Central hearing loss

A
  • Ability to interpret speech

- Localized between brain and auditory nerve

22
Q

Psychogenic

A

“Non-Organic”, malingering or hysteria causes

23
Q

Sound Level Meters

A

Dynamic – mylar
Ceramic – crystals – Piesoelectric sound, moisture effects it
Condenscer - capacitor (best type)

24
Q

Sound Level Meter Types

A 
Type I (precision)	±1 dB @ 1000 Hz
Type II (general Survey)	±2 dB @ 1000 Hz
Type III ( Field)	±3 dB @ 1000 Hz
Type IV (Special)	±4 dB @ 1000 Hz
25
Q

Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)

A

predominate @ 3000-4000 Hz, Hearing loss occurs – 10-20 years

26
Q

Presbycusis

A

A gradual loss of hearing due to age. A person with presbycusis can often not hear frequencies > 3,000Hz.

27
Q

Recruitment

A

condition, which impairs the ability to hear faint or moderate sounds but leaves the detection of loud sounds intact. An increase of 3 dB represents a doubling of the sound intensity (loudness)

28
Q

Standard Threshold Shift

A

A change in hearing relative to the baseline audiogram of an average of 10 decibels or more at 2000, 3000 and 4000 Hz in either ear.

29
Q

Temporary Threshold Shift

A

Fatigued Hair cells that need more energy to simulate them, reverses in 16 hrs. (OSHA 14 hrs)

30
Q

PSIL (Perceived Speech Interference Level)

A 
Average (dB) of the SPL in the Octave band
center frequencies (500,1000,2000 Hz)
< 60 satisfactory
60-70 difficult
>70 impossible

CIH (5 decks)

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