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Gen Chem I > No clue > Flashcards

No clue Flashcards

1
Q

chemistry

A

study of matter, its properties and the changes it undergoes

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2
Q

types of chemistry

A

energy, biochem, tech, medicine

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3
Q

scientific method

A
  1. research idea
  2. literature review
  3. theoretical formulation of the research problem
  4. empirical research questions- strictly defining variable into measurable factors
  5. research design
  6. dats collection
  7. data analysis
  8. answering the empirical research questions
  9. theoretical interpretation
  10. comparison with earlier research
  11. conclusions
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4
Q

empirical research

A

based on observed and measured phenomena and derives knowledge from actual experience rather than from theory or belief.

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5
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and takes up space

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6
Q

one kind of atom

A

atoms and molecules

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7
Q

at least two kinds of atoms

A

molecules and mixtures

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8
Q

heterogenous mixture

A

looks like two different phases

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9
Q

homogenous

A

looks like one phase

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10
Q

substance

A

has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample

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11
Q

element

A

substance that can not be decomposed into simpler substances

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12
Q

compound

A

substance that can be decomposed into simpler substances because it is made up of more than one element

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13
Q

hypothesis

A

tentative explanation

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14
Q

theory

A

tested explanation

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15
Q

law

A

tested generalization

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16
Q

solid to gas

A

sublimation

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17
Q

gas to solid

A

deposition

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18
Q

gas to plasma

A

ionization and deionization

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19
Q

law of constant composition

A

compounds have a definite composition. that means that relative number of atoms of each element in the same compound is the same in any sample.

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20
Q

property

A

any traits that can be measured, such as an object’s density, colour, mass

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21
Q

Binary molecule

A

a molecular compound that is composed of two elements

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22
Q

Literature review

A

a comprehensive summary of previous research on a topi

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23
Q

EMPIRICAL facts

A

information acquired by observation or experimentation

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24
Q

electrical conductivity

A

the measure of the amount of electrical current a material can carry or it’s ability to carry a current

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25
law of multiple proportions
when two elements combine with each other to form more than one compound, the weights of one element that combine with a fixed weight of the other are in a ratio of small whole numbers
26
physical properties
characteristic of matter that may be observed and measured without changing the chemical identity of a sample ex. color, density etc.
27
chemical properties
any of a material's properties that becomes evident during, or after, a chemical reaction; that is, any quality that can be established only by changing a substance's chemical identity
28
intensive properties
a property of matter that does not change as the amount of matter changes
29
extensive properties
changes as matter changes
30
chromatography
the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension or as a vapor (as in gas chromatography) through a medium in which the components move at different rates.
31
adsorption
Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface
32
energy
the capacity for doing work
33
work
force times distance
34
heat
Heat is the transfer of energy that results from the difference in temperature between a system and its surroundings
35
force
result from the actions of the kinetic energy of atoms and the slight positive and negative electrical charges on different parts of a molecule that affect its neighbors and any solute that may be present
36
temperature kelvin to c
TK = TC + 273
37
kinetic energy formuar
KE = 1⁄2 mv2
38
potential energy
energy which an object has because of its positio
39
derived units
unit combined with another is unit
40
joule
basic SI unit of energy (kg⋅m2⋅s−2)
41
exact numbers
value is known to be infinitely precise
42
inexact numbers
are known to have uncertainty
43
precision
all are close together
44
accuracy
all are close to known value
45
standard deviation
how much, on average, measurements differ from each other. can be used to measure precision caused by something other than the device.
46
sigfig rules
- 80060 is 4 | - subtraction goes to least decimal place
47
uncertainty
estimated degree of error in a measurement as the uncertainty of the measurement
48
atomic mass
protons + neutrons
49
atomic weight
weighted average of isotopes
50
isotopic abundance
basically percentages of isotopes average out tot eh atomic mass
51
atomic mass unit
based on
52
atomic number
z protons
53
mass number
a protons + neutrons
54
groups
column
55
Law of Conservation of Mass
no loss or gain of mass in chemical reaction, only changed form
56
Law of Constant Composition
elements combine in same proportions by mass
57
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
Matter made of small particles called atoms (now subatomic particles) Atoms indestructible (now nuclear reactions) Atoms of same element have same mass and properties (now isotopes) Atoms of different elements are different (mass and properties) (now Periodic Table of Elements) Compounds formed from atoms and have fixed numerical ratio (Law of Definite Proportions)
58
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
Matter made of small particles called atoms (now subatomic particles) Atoms indestructible (now nuclear reactions) Atoms of same element have same mass and properties (now isotopes) Atoms of different elements are different (mass and properties) (now Periodic Table of Elements) Compounds formed from atoms and have fixed numerical ratio (Law of Definite Proportions)
59
homogenous solution vs pure substance
does it have variable composition?
60
electrical conductivity
ions flow freely and electrical conductivity requires movement so they can conduct electricity.
61
go practice the SI units
the flashcards are in the chem placement exam area
62
Density
ex of a physical property that characterizes the specific compound Every density is different for each substance Even when its a mixture, the density changes
63
most accurate piece of glassware
graduated cylinder
64
go back to that weird uncertainty slide
The closer to the decimal place a number is, the most uncertain it is ex. .02 vs .2 (.2 is more of a factor in uncertainty so you should report the measurement only to 0.0 decimals)
65
unit conversions
king, Henry died before drinking chocolate milk (Mehar is right, Hayden is left)

Gen Chem I (4 decks)

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