Exam 3

Question 1

solvation

Answer 1

surrounding of solute by solvent

Question 2

ionizatgion

Answer 2

when molecular substances react with water

Question 3

dissociation

Answer 3

ionic compounds separate into water

Question 4

hydrated

Answer 4

ions surrounded by water molecules (dipoles will orient accordingly)

Question 5

electrical conductivity

Answer 5

movement of charges, conducted when electrolytes are present in water

Question 6

strong electrolytes

Answer 6

dissociate completely in water. can be ionic or molecular, all soluble ionic compounds, and strong acids and bases are strong

Question 7

weak electrolytes

Answer 7

only partially dissociate (less than 5%) can be ionic or molecular. weak acids and bases are weak electrolytes

Question 8

dissociation equation for weak electrolytes

Answer 8

weak acid, then equilibrium, then H+ and the conjugate acid/base

Question 9

nonelectrolytes

Answer 9

just don’t dissociate in water. all insoluble ionic compounds and molecular are this

Question 10

types of reactions

Answer 10

1) precipitation reactions to make an insoluble salt

2) metathesis reactions

Question 11

metathesis reaction

Answer 11

double displacement

Question 12

molecular equation

Answer 12

just the equation balanced as is

Question 13

complete ionic equation

Answer 13

all strong electrolytes are dissociated,

Question 14

net ionic equation

Answer 14

anything appears on both sides is cancelled out and BALANCED

Question 15

net ionic

Answer 15

everything that is not aq on either side is cancelled out

Question 16

Arrhenius theory

Answer 16

species that increase H+ is an acid, OH- is a base

Question 17

bronstead and lowry

Answer 17

acid is anything that donates a proton, base is anything that accepts a portion.

this has conjugate acids and bases

Question 18

conjugate acids and bases are part of which theory?

Answer 18

bronstead and lowry

Question 19

conjugate acid

Answer 19

after base accepts a proton

Question 20

conjugate base

Answer 20

after acid donates a proton

Question 21

strong or weak acids?

Answer 21

strong acids completely ionize. weak acids or bases go into equilibrium

Question 22

strong acid and base

Answer 22

make a salt and water

Question 23

strong acid and weak base

Answer 23

still complete neutralization. ex. H+ + Cl- + NH3 –> NH4+cl-

*weak base does not dissociate

Question 24

weak acid and strong base

Answer 24

complete neutralization
- ex. hC2H3O3 + Na+ + OH- –> Na+ + H20 + c2H3O2-

spectator ion Na cancels, but water and conjugate base remain

Question 25

weak acid and weak base

Answer 25

will not go to completion since there is less than 5% ionization. it will be in equilibrium ex. HC2H3O2 + NH3 -->NH4 + C2H3O2 has conjugate acid and base remaining

Question 26

strong acid and insoluble base

Answer 26

ex. MgOH2 insoluble compounds require strong acid in order for complete dissociation to occur. ex. 2H+ + 2Cl- + Mg(OH)2 --> 2H20 + mg 2+ + 2Cl- * spectator ions Cl- cancels

Question 27

molarity

Answer 27

MOL / L

Question 28

dilution

Answer 28

c1v1=c2v2 *make sure you multiply by the balanced chemical equation

Question 29

metathesis reactions (5 types)

Answer 29

1. formation of precipitate 2. formation of gas from acids/base 3. formation of water from acid and base 4. formation of weak electrolyte 5. NR (if everything turns out to be aq)

Question 30

formation of gas from acid/ base

Answer 30

occurs when there is H2S, HCN, CO2, SO2, or NH3

Question 31

formation of weak electrolyte metathesis

Answer 31

FIGURE THIS OUT

Question 32

end point

Answer 32

indication reaction complete through indicator

Question 33

equivalence point

Answer 33

males acid equals moles base

Question 34

oxidation

Answer 34

oxidation number gets more positive, this is a reducing agent

Question 35

reduction

Answer 35

oxidation number gets more negative, this is an oxidizing agent

Question 36

reactivity

Answer 36

opposite of electronegativity

Question 37

high electronegativity

Answer 37

means low metal reactivity and is a strong oxidizing agent

Question 38

low electronegatvitiy

Answer 38

high metal reactivity, wasy to oxidize, strong reducing agents

Question 39

activity series

Answer 39

table that has the best reducing agent at the top. it can displace a less active molecule in a single displacement

Question 40

write out all the weak acid base equation combinations

Answer 40

yEa

Question 41

review how the strong acids

Answer 41

yes

Question 42

review the strong and weak electrolytes

Answer 42

yes

Question 43

gold is hard to oxidize but...

Answer 43

HNO2 and HCL can dissolve it

Question 44

salvation and hydration

Answer 44

Solvation is solvent surrounding solution and hydration is a special type

Question 45

oxidizing vs non oxidizing acids?

Answer 45

just know that Hcl and hno3 will dissolve anything below h until gold

Question 46

strong vs weak electrolyte

Answer 46

Strong acid= strong electrolyte Weak acid=weak electrolyte Anything else is a non electrolyte (like molecular)