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Gen Chem I > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

solvation

A

surrounding of solute by solvent

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2
Q

ionizatgion

A

when molecular substances react with water

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3
Q

dissociation

A

ionic compounds separate into water

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4
Q

hydrated

A

ions surrounded by water molecules (dipoles will orient accordingly)

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5
Q

electrical conductivity

A

movement of charges, conducted when electrolytes are present in water

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6
Q

strong electrolytes

A

dissociate completely in water. can be ionic or molecular, all soluble ionic compounds, and strong acids and bases are strong

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7
Q

weak electrolytes

A

only partially dissociate (less than 5%) can be ionic or molecular. weak acids and bases are weak electrolytes

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8
Q

dissociation equation for weak electrolytes

A

weak acid, then equilibrium, then H+ and the conjugate acid/base

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9
Q

nonelectrolytes

A

just don’t dissociate in water. all insoluble ionic compounds and molecular are this

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10
Q

types of reactions

A

1) precipitation reactions to make an insoluble salt

2) metathesis reactions

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11
Q

metathesis reaction

A

double displacement

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12
Q

molecular equation

A

just the equation balanced as is

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13
Q

complete ionic equation

A

all strong electrolytes are dissociated,

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14
Q

net ionic equation

A

anything appears on both sides is cancelled out and BALANCED

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15
Q

net ionic

A

everything that is not aq on either side is cancelled out

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16
Q

Arrhenius theory

A

species that increase H+ is an acid, OH- is a base

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17
Q

bronstead and lowry

A

acid is anything that donates a proton, base is anything that accepts a portion.

this has conjugate acids and bases

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18
Q

conjugate acids and bases are part of which theory?

A

bronstead and lowry

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19
Q

conjugate acid

A

after base accepts a proton

20
Q

conjugate base

A

after acid donates a proton

21
Q

strong or weak acids?

A

strong acids completely ionize. weak acids or bases go into equilibrium

22
Q

strong acid and base

A

make a salt and water

23
Q

strong acid and weak base

A

still complete neutralization. ex. H+ + Cl- + NH3 –> NH4+cl-

*weak base does not dissociate

24
Q

weak acid and strong base

A

complete neutralization
- ex. hC2H3O3 + Na+ + OH- –> Na+ + H20 + c2H3O2-

spectator ion Na cancels, but water and conjugate base remain

25
Q

weak acid and weak base

A

will not go to completion since there is less than 5% ionization. it will be in equilibrium
ex. HC2H3O2 + NH3 –>NH4 + C2H3O2

has conjugate acid and base remaining

26
Q

strong acid and insoluble base

A

ex. MgOH2
insoluble compounds require strong acid in order for complete dissociation to occur.

ex. 2H+ + 2Cl- + Mg(OH)2 –> 2H20 + mg 2+ + 2Cl-
* spectator ions Cl- cancels

27
Q

molarity

A

MOL / L

28
Q

dilution

A

c1v1=c2v2

*make sure you multiply by the balanced chemical equation

29
Q

metathesis reactions (5 types)

A
  1. formation of precipitate
  2. formation of gas from acids/base
  3. formation of water from acid and base
  4. formation of weak electrolyte
  5. NR (if everything turns out to be aq)
30
Q

formation of gas from acid/ base

A

occurs when there is H2S, HCN, CO2, SO2, or NH3

31
Q

formation of weak electrolyte metathesis

A

FIGURE THIS OUT

32
Q

end point

A

indication reaction complete through indicator

33
Q

equivalence point

A

males acid equals moles base

34
Q

oxidation

A

oxidation number gets more positive, this is a reducing agent

35
Q

reduction

A

oxidation number gets more negative, this is an oxidizing agent

36
Q

reactivity

A

opposite of electronegativity

37
Q

high electronegativity

A

means low metal reactivity and is a strong oxidizing agent

38
Q

low electronegatvitiy

A

high metal reactivity, wasy to oxidize, strong reducing agents

39
Q

activity series

A

table that has the best reducing agent at the top. it can displace a less active molecule in a single displacement

40
Q

write out all the weak acid base equation combinations

A

yEa

41
Q

review how the strong acids

A

yes

42
Q

review the strong and weak electrolytes

A

yes

43
Q

gold is hard to oxidize but…

A

HNO2 and HCL can dissolve it

44
Q

salvation and hydration

A

Solvation is solvent surrounding solution and hydration is a special type

45
Q

oxidizing vs non oxidizing acids?

A

just know that Hcl and hno3 will dissolve anything below h until gold

46
Q

strong vs weak electrolyte

A

Strong acid= strong electrolyte
Weak acid=weak electrolyte
Anything else is a non electrolyte (like molecular)

Gen Chem I (4 decks)

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