No. 4

Question 1

Techniques which impact soil structure

Answer 1

Soil amelioration
Cultivation
Protection

Question 2

Amelioration?

Answer 2

Raises pH.
Green manure, addition of lime (limestone, burnt lime), organic matter.

Question 3

Cultivation

Answer 3

Sub soil
Ploughing
Rotavator

Question 4

Soil protection

Answer 4

Erosion
Capping

Question 5

Role of roots

Answer 5

Water uptake, support, storage, provide chemicals for modifying pH, habitat for mycorrhizal fungi.

Question 6

Perennial life cycle?

Answer 6

Grows year after year. Seed, then growth, flower, dormancy, death.

Question 7

Biennial?

Answer 7

Two years to complete life cycle. Vegetative growth, dormancy, growth 2, flower then death.
Eg leek

Question 8

How are mycorrhizal fungi good?

Answer 8

Extend root area. More effective absorption of nutrients.

Question 9

Kretzschmaria deusta

Answer 9

Wood decay fungus. Inhibits hardwood trees like beech. Heart rot invasion. Colonisation occurs through injuries and cavaties. Causes soft rot which degrades celluslose and lignin. The fungus continues to decay the wood after the tree has died.

Question 10

K. Deusta control?

Answer 10

Trichoderma species as biological control.

Question 11

Impact of frost on trees?

Answer 11

Leaf death
Shoot death
Death of young trees
Frost heave pushes roots out of ground.