NITROFURAZONE-LAST SLIDE

Question 1

• Furazone®
• employed topically in the treatment of burns

Answer 1

NITROFURAZONE

Question 2

Furoxone®

• oral treatment of bacterial or protozoal diarrhea caused by susceptible organisms (S. aureus, E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus,
  Enterobacter, V. cholerae)
• CI: alcohol (inh. aldehyde dehydrogenase)

Answer 2

FURAZOLIDONE

Question 3

• Furadantin®, Macrodantin®
• used as urinary antiseptic
• safe for pregnant

Answer 3

NITROFURANTOIN

Question 4

• Urotropin®, Uritone®
• depends on the liberation of
  formaldehyde
• urine pH should be adjusted to 5.5
  before formaldehyde may be
  liberated

Answer 4

METHENAMINE

Question 5

• used internally as a urinary
  antiseptic for the treatment of
  chronic UTI

Answer 5

METHANAMINE

Question 6

• Mandelamine®
• combination of Methenamine and Mandelic Acid
• has the advantage of providing its own acidity

Answer 6

Methenamine Mandelate

Question 7

• Hiprex
• Methenamine + Hippuric acid

Answer 7

Methenamine Hippurate

Question 8

• Pyridium®
• formerly used as urinary antiseptic
• present utility lies in its local analgesic effect on the mucosa of the urinary tract

Answer 8

Phenazopyridine HCl

Question 9

• are drugs that have the
  capability of ridding the body of
  parasitic worms or helminths

Answer 9

ANTHELMINTICS

Question 10

HELMINTHS

Answer 10

• Cestodes (tapeworm)
• Trematodes (flukes)
• Nematodes (roundworms)

Question 11

• Arthriticine®, Disperamin®
• MOA: blocks the response of the ascaris muscle to acetylcholine, causing flaccid paralysis in the worm, which is dislodged from the intestinal wall and expelled in the
  feces
• I: tx of pinworm and roundworm

Answer 11

PIPERAZINE

Question 12

• Hetrazan®
• Effective against various forms of filariasis, onchoceriasis and laviasis

Answer 12

DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE CITRATE

Question 13

• Antiminth®
• Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent that causes spastic paralysis in susceptible helminths
• Used in the treatment of infestations
  caused by pinworms and
  roundworms
• DI: should not be given
  concomitantly with piperazine

Answer 13

PYRANTEL PAMOATE

Question 14

• Mintezol®
• MOA: inhibits the helminthspecific
  enzyme fumarate reductase; arrest nematode cell division in metaphase by interfering with microtubule assembly
• I: Nematodes infestation

Answer 14

THIABENDAZOLE

Question 15

• Vermox®
• MOA: Irreversibly blocks glucose uptake in susceptible helminths, thereby depleting glycogen stored in parasite; also inhibits cell division in nematodes
• I: Nematodes infestation
• CI: Pregnancy

Answer 15

MEBENDAZOLE

Question 16

• Eskazole®, Zentel®
• Single-dose treatment for ascariasis,
  Old and New Hookworm infections
  and trichuriasis
• Multiple-dose treatment for pinworm,
  threadworm, capillariasis, chlonorchiasis and hydatid disease

Answer 16

ALBENDAZOLE

Question 17

• Cestocide, Mansonil, Yomesan
• a potent taeniacide that causes rapid
  disintegration of worm segments and the
  scolex
• Note: administer a saline purge 1 to 2
  hours after niclosamide therapy to
  prevent possible cysticercosis resulting
  from the release of live ova from worm
  segments damaged by the drug

Answer 17

NICLOSAMIDE

Question 18

• Lorothidol®, Bithin®
• DOC for liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) and lung fluke (Paragonimus westermani)
  infection

Answer 18

BITHIONOL

Question 19

• Vansil®
• Indicated for the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni (intestinal schistosomiasis)
• MOA: inhibits DNA, RNA and protein synthesis

Answer 19

OXAMNIQUINE

Question 20

• Bitricide®
• DOC for infections caused by schistosomes (blood flukes)
• also used for other trematodes infections
• MOA: Increases cell membrane permeability of susceptibe worms, resulting in the loss of extracellular calcium – massive contractions and ultimate paralysis of fluke musculature
  occurs, followed by phagocystosis of the
  parasite

Answer 20

Praziquantel

Question 21

• Cardomec, Eqvalan, Ivomec
• produced from Streptomyces avermitilis
• Effective for the treatment of Onchoceriasis (River Blindness)
• MOA: blocks interneuron-motor neuron transmission in nematodes by stimulating the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA

Answer 21

IVERMECTIN

Question 22

• the first effective chemotherapeutic agents that could be used systematically for
  the cure of bacterial infections in
  humans
• bacteriostatic

Answer 22

SULFONAMIDES

Question 23

Who discovered the antisyphilitic drug Salvarsan and in what year?

Answer 23

Paul Ehrlich discovered Salvarsan in 1908

Question 24

What disease was Salvarsan used to treat?

Answer 24

Syphilis

Question 25

Which scientist studied the bright red dye Protonsil?

Answer 25

Gerard Domagk

Question 26

What significant property was discovered about Protonsil during further studies?

Answer 26

It is metabolized in vivo to sulfanilamide, the active drug

Question 27

What is the name of the active compound formed from Protonsil in the body?

Answer 27

Sulfanilamide