Nitrofuratoin, daptomycin, polymyxin B, rifaximin, fidaxomicin

Question 1

Nitrofurantoin - adverse effects

Answer 1

GI irritation
Pulmonary fibrosis
Hepatitis
Hematologic toxicity

Question 2

Nitrofurantoin - indications

Answer 2

Acute lower UTI.

Question 3

Nitrofurantoin is adm with … and why

Answer 3

Macrocrystalline formulation - reduces GI irritation

Question 4

Daptomycin - MOA

Answer 4

Inserts its tail in bacterial cell membrane. Potassium efflux, stops nucleic acid & protein synthesis, cell death

Question 5

Daptomycin - indications

Answer 5

MRSA: skin inf from surgery, diabetic foot ulcer, burns. Bacteremia
VRSA, VRSE
Right-sided endocarditis

Question 6

Daptomycin - contraindications

Answer 6

Pneumonia (it binds to lung surfactant)

Question 7

Daptomycin - adm

Answer 7

IV

Question 8

Daptomycin - adverse effects

Answer 8

Muscle toxicity

Question 9

Polymyxin B - usually used with (3 drugs)

Answer 9

Trimethoprim, bacitracin, neomycin

Question 10

Polymyxin B - indications

Answer 10

Skin & ocular infections

Question 11

Polymyxin B - MOA

Answer 11

Disrupts membrane integrity by interacting with phospholipids. Leaking of cell components

Question 12

Polymyxin B - adverse effects

Answer 12

Serious nephrotoxicity, very rarely adm parenterally.

Question 13

Rifaximin - indications

Answer 13

Traveler’s diarrhea.
Preventing recurrence of hepatic encephalopathy.
Studied for IBS treatment.

Question 14

Fidaxomicin - indications

Answer 14

Diarrhea by C. difficile

Question 15

Fidaxomicin - MOA

Answer 15

Inhibits RNA polymerase and RNA synthesis.