nigeria

Question 1

location and importance

Answer 1

• border Gulf of Guinea, which means it has access to the sea of trade
• large size, so covers a wide variety of different land types, good for growing different crops
• prone to flooding in the south and drought in the north and size makes equal distribution difficult
• currently 7th most populous (191 million), will be 4th by 2050 (390 million) -large workforce, however the country will struggle to provide infrastructure and housing

Question 2

political

Answer 2

• colony of Britain until 1960 - conflict between ethnic groups, power struggles, civil wars
• Boko Haram - terrorist group that uses bombings and kidnappings
• democracy established
• corruption, hindering development

Question 3

social and cultural

Answer 3

• over 500 ethnic groups
• main ones are Christian and Muslim
• rapid urbanization has broken down traditional tribal differences as they live side by side, but conflict still exists

Question 4

environmental

Answer 4

• vast agricultural lands - allows them to grow a range of crops
• Niger Delta region - rich in oil and natural gas, economic opportunities, generating over 14% of GDP
• power struggles between groups for this land, oil spills, etc.
• 25% of all malaria cases and 19% of all malaria deaths

Question 5

changing industry and economy

Answer 5

• biggest economy in Africa with GNI of $364bn
• primary sector dropped from 70% to 30% whereas tertiary sector increased from 20% to 50%
• dependence on oil and gas - vulnerable to price fluctuations and finite resources
• growth not equally shared - 53.5% live on less than $1.90 a day

Question 6

environmental impacts of development

Answer 6

• pollution of nearby water sources as toxic waste if leaked or dumped
• breathing and lung problems from the huge number of fumes

Question 7

changing political and trading relationships

Answer 7

• due to conflict, it is not seen as a stable place to invest
• major trading nation - crude oil, rubber, cocoa, petroleum and rubber
• by exporting raw materials rather than manufactured goods, Nigeria could lose out
• China has invested in Nigerian infrastructure, such as a $12bn railway, in return for cheap goods
• prominent member of the African Union

Question 8

international aid

Answer 8

• 60m mosquito nets donated by World Bank to prevent malaria
• UK government has funded health and HIV programs providing health education for rural areas
• UN World Food Programme supplied 40,000 people with food when farmers could not sow their own crops due to conflict with Boko Haram
• China has provided arms to battle Boko Haram

Question 9

TNCs advantages

Answer 9

• tax revenue from TNCs can be spent on development
• multiplier effect means jobs are created in other industries - 250, 000 oil related jobs created in Nigeria
• other industries attracted by growing industry
• can provide new technology and infrastructure, furthering development

Question 10

TNCs disadvantages

Answer 10

• large proportion of profits go back to HIC headquarters
• oil spills and not strong enough environmental regulations
• footloose - can withdraw investment and facilities whenever they wish
• poor workers rights - workers often work long hours for little pay

Question 11

QoL

Answer 11

• HDI increase from 0.465 to 0.532 from 2005 to 2017, life expectancy increase from 49 to 56 and GNI per capita has increased from $3830 to $5680
• inequality gap - development not equally shared
• 18000 Nigerians tried to enter EU in 2017, crossing dangerous routes across Mediterranean and Sahara