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PEDS > NICU > Flashcards

NICU Flashcards

1
Q

CA

A

chronological age

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2
Q

AA

A

age adjusted - count from baby’s due date

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3
Q

Viability

A

23-24 weeks

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4
Q

SGA/AGA/LGA

A

small/average/larger for gestational age

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5
Q

Low birth weight (LBW)

A

3.5-5.5 lbs

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6
Q

Very low birth weight (VLBW)

A

2.2-3.5 lbs

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7
Q

Extra low birth weight (ELBW)

A

<2.2 lbs

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8
Q

Micropreemie

A

<800g

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9
Q

Apgar - HR

A 
0 = absent
1 = 100
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10
Q

Apgar - RR

A 
0 = absent
1 = slow and irregular
2 = good, crying
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11
Q

Apgar - muscle tone

A 
0 = limp
1 = some flexion/extension
2 = active movement
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12
Q

Apgar - Reflex irritability

A 
0 = no response
1 = grimace
2 = cough or sneeze
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13
Q

Apgar - color

A 
0 = blue
1 = pink, blue extremities
2 = pink
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14
Q

Neonatal care: main principles

A

support body temp, control infection, special care nursing

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15
Q

Increase in survival 1988-2002 for VLBW/ELBW due to _____

A

antenatal steroids, aggressive resuscitation, surfactant therapy

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16
Q

Nursery Level 1

A

basic care: 35-37 weeks GA

17
Q

Nursery Level 2

A

Specialty Care:

2a: >32 weeks
2b: mechanical ventilation for brief period

18
Q

Nursery Level 3

A

Subspecialty Care

3a: >28 weeks, minor procedures
3b: <28 weeks, high frequency ventilation
3c: ECMO and complex cardiac surgery

19
Q

Characteristics of Preemie

A
  • extremities / and ABD
  • decreased midline/flexor activity
  • decreased spontaneous movements
  • reflexes absent, decreased, or variable
20
Q

Medical Categories Associated with Motor Risk

A
  • BW <1000g (2.2lb)
  • more severe IVH
  • BPD
  • other prenatal events: ETOH, drugs, smoking, decreased SES
21
Q

Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE)

A
  • episode of asphyxia on neonate brain
  • cerebral ischemia
  • hypoxemia
22
Q

Periventricular leukomalacia

A
  • symmetrical, non-hemorrhagic, bilateral lesion
  • spastic diplegia
  • most common
23
Q

Hemorrhagic infarct necrosis (PVHI)

A
  • spastic/hemi/asymmetrical quad

- key: prevent fluctuating BP

24
Q

Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)

A
  • most common brain lesion <32 weeks

- occurs in ~40% preemies

25
Q

IVH Grades (I-IV)

A

I: isolated germinal matric
II: IVH with normal ventricular size
III: IVH with ventricular dilation
IV: IVH with parenchymal hemorrhage

26
Q

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

A
  • most common cause of distress in neonates
  • chest wall retraction, cyanosis, expiratory grunt, nasal flaring, tachypnea
  • <37 weeks
  • leading cause of death in preemies
27
Q

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

A
  • chronic lung disease of infancy
  • iatrogenic factors: trauma from vent, elevated 02, intubation
  • recovery from damage takes >1 year
28
Q

Meconium Aspiration

A
  • with initial breath, causes airway obstruction that can cause resp. distress (RDS)
  • greater risk FT or post-term (5-15%)
29
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A
  • reduced body pH

- increased production/inadequate secretion of H+ or loss of bicarbonate in stool

30
Q

Hyperbilirubinemia

A
  • increased bilirubin = blood incompatibility, physiological jaundice, blood reabsorption, infection
  • Kernicterus = yellow staining of brain – high incidence mortality/LT neuro prob
31
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

A
  • shunts blood from pulmonary artery to descending aorta

- normal in utero, closes shortly after birth

32
Q

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

A
  • L to R shunting of blood

- majority close in first 3 years

33
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

-VSD, pulm artery stenosis, R ventricular hypertrophy, and an aorta that overrides the interventricular septum

34
Q

ToRCH

A

toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes/HIV (O = other)

35
Q

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

A
  • high levels O2

- heals in 1 year - left with nearsightedness/strabismus, or continue with abnormal growth

36
Q

Clubfoot

A

plantarflexion, inversion, supination

37
Q

Metatarsus varus

A
  • adduction of forefoot
  • flexible PROM
  • rigid serial casting
38
Q

Tibial torsion

A
  • usu. self corrects by age 8
  • night brace
  • medial improves with time, lateral usu. worsens
39
Q

Congenital Hip Dysplasia

A
  • dynamic splinting

- Barlow test

PEDS (4 decks)

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