Gait Flashcards

1
Q

toe walking

A

normal variation during the learning to walk period

-usually changes in 3-6 months

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2
Q

toe walking - tx

A
  • HC stretch
  • gait training
  • SLC - serial casting
  • surgery
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3
Q

femoral anteversion

A
  • excessive hip IR

- toe-in

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4
Q

femoral retroversion

A
  • excessive ER
  • toe-out
  • SCFE
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5
Q

5 attributes for normal walking

A
  1. stability in stance
  2. sufficient foot clearance in swing
  3. appropriate preposition of foot for IC
  4. adequate step length
  5. energy conservation
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6
Q

development of gait - neurological

A
  • CPG’s

- myelination

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7
Q

development of gait - biomechanical

A

-skeletal structure, size, body mass

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8
Q

development of gait - psychological

A

motor learning

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9
Q

development of gait - environmental

A

-opportunity

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10
Q

determinants of mature gait (5)

A
  1. duration of SLS
  2. walking velocity
  3. cadence
  4. step length
  5. ratio of pelvic span to ankle spread
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11
Q

wide BOS decreases to width of ____ ____

A

pelvic span

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12
Q

stride length correlates with ____, _____, and _____

A

age, leg length, height

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13
Q

cadence ____ and velocity ______

A

decreases, increases

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14
Q

reciprocal arm swing occurs _____ months after I walking

A

4-5

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15
Q

heel strike occurs ___ months after walking

A

5-6 (heel strike with dorsiflexion and knee / by 2 years)

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16
Q

plantarflexion with knee flexion by age ___

A

2

17
Q

0-9 months

A
  • femoral anteversion,
  • tibiofemoral angle = varus
  • everted heels with WB
  • active kicking in supine
  • prone, creeping, kneeling, cruising
18
Q

9-15 months

A
  • wide BOS: hips ABD, flexed, ER, full foot IC
  • foot drop in swing
  • increased cadence, decreased stride
  • mild internal tibial torsion
  • tibiofemoral angle = varus
  • heels everted in WB
  • walk as if on slippery surface (stiff extremities, high guard)
19
Q

18-24 months

A
  • increase in strength
  • neurological maturation
  • tibiofemoral angle = straight
  • decreased BOS w normal ABD
  • knee flexion wave emerging
  • heel strike developing
  • decreased co-contraction of antagonists
20
Q

Refinement of gait

A
  • most adult patterns present by 3-4 years
  • changes in velocity, step length, and cadence until ~7 years
  • by 7, nearly identical to adult gait
21
Q

genu valgus

A

tibia positioned laterally relative to femur

22
Q

genu varus

A

lateral bowing of tibia

23
Q

genu recurvatum

A

knee hyperextension

24
Q

tibial torsion

A

-excessive rotation of tibia relative to femur (usu. medial)

25
Q

metatarsus varus

A

adduction of forefoot

26
Q

clubfoot

A

plantarflexion, inversion, supination

27
Q

calcaneovalgus

A
  • hyperdorsiflexed foot
  • often associated with hip displacement
  • usu resolved without tx