NHPA's Flashcards
List the NHPA’s
- Mental Health
- Asthma
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Obesity
- Musculoskeletal conditions and Arthritis
- Injury prevention and control
- Cancer Control
Key Features of Mental Health
People with mental illnesses have disturbed feelings and thoughts that can develop into symptoms and behaviours that are distressing to themselves and others
Key Features
- Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar, Eating Disorders
- Depression has a variety of sympotms
- loss of motivation
- anxiety
- loss of interest
Mental Health- reason for NHPA selction
- almost all Australians will be effected by mental illnesses at some stage in their life
- leading cause of morbidity in Australia
Determinants that act as Risk Factors – Mental Health
Biological-
- Genetics
- predisposition of depression
- Sex
- women are more likely to experience depression
- Age
Behavioural
- Smoking/alcohol (although these can be symptoms)
Social
- Early Life Experiences
- child abuse, family seperation
- low socioeconomic status
- social influences
- eating disorders
- self image
Asthma-Key Features and what it is
Asthma is a disease which affects the lungs and makes it difficult to breath
- constriction of the airways, relating in a lack of oxygen intake meaning lack of Oxygen in the blood
- asthmatic airways overreact and narrow easily
- chronic asthmatic can have a permantantly narrow airway
- prevention is better than controlling it
Reason for Selection of Asthma and Determinants
- widespread diease
- causes reduced quality of life
- requires use of alot of GP and emergency health care
Biological
- Genetic predisposition
- Indigenous Australian background
Behavioural
- Lack of Physical Activity
- Smoking
- Poor eating habits
- processed foods
- low antioxidants
Social
- exposure to allergens
- pollens, moulds etc.
- Hygenic environment as a child
- reduces effectiveness of immune system
Risk Factors of Asthma
There is a difference b/w determinants that acts as risk factors and triggers whcih bring on the actual attack
*
Diabetes Mellitus- reason for selection
Complications of disease significantly contribute to ill health and premature death
-continues to rise
Diabetes Mellitus- What it is/normal body
A condition that affects the body’s ability to use glucose. Caused by a lack of insulin or a resistance to insulin
- Pancreas
- secretes insulin
- takes up sugars
- secretes glucagon
- stimulates sugar to relase sugar
- secretes insulin
- when glucose levels are low, pancreas produces glucgon to stimulate liver to release glucose to increase blood glucose level
Diabetes Mellitus-key features/type 2
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- too much sugar means body is resistant to insulin
- cells can’t take up sugar so there is not enough sugar to convert to energy
- increased sugar in blood and decreased sugar in blood = not right
- sugar levels want to be even
- cells dilute sugar in blood with its water
- resulting in too little water in cells = dehydration
Diabetes Mellitus-Symptoms/Key Features
- Tiredness
- from lack of sugar in cells
- Dehydration
- from dilution of sugar in blood
- incr. urination
- from incr. thirst from dehydration
- loss of weight
- from body using fat stores for energy rather than from energy from cells
Diabetes Mellitus- Type 1 & Type 2 Risk Factors
Biological
- Genetics (type 1 & 2)
- Incr. blood pressure
- excess weight
- Indigeneous Aus. descent
Behavioural
- Poor eating habits
- lack of physical activity
Social
- socio-economic status
- food
Cardiovascular disease- Reason for Selection
- Due to the fact that there is alot of preventable heart, stroke and cascular disease in Aus
- leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Aus.
- CVD- Key features
Blockages in the arteries feeting to the heart (heart attack) or the brain (stroke)
Atherosclerosis - fatty diposits/build up in veins/arteries
- Cholesterol
- High Lipoproteins (HDL)
- Good- takes up cholesterol
- fish
- olive oil
- Good- takes up cholesterol
- Low Lipoproteins (LDL)
- Bad- connects with cholesterol and causes build up in veins
- take away food
- fatty food
- Bad- connects with cholesterol and causes build up in veins
- High Lipoproteins (HDL)
- blockage causes turbulance, which causes a blood clot which stops blood from getting through
- heart attack
- strokes
CVD- Risk Factors
Biological
- High Cholesterol
- High Blood Pressure
- Indigeneous Descent
- Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus
- thick blood (hypertension)=high blood pressure
- can damage artery walls
Behavioural
- Lack of Physical Activity
- Poor Eating Habits
- alcohol/smoking
- thicker blood
- higher bp
Social
- Stress
- High BP
- Low socioeconomic status
Obesity- Reason for selection
- numbers are increasing
- cose to economy is significant (health Care
- Risk Factor to other diseases
Obesity- Key Features
- Puts extra demands on the heart
- places stress on lungs and airways
- increase in colo-rectal cancer stats.
- incr. in mental illnesses
Obesity- Risk Factors
Biological
- Genetics
- predisposition
Behavioural
- Poor eating habits
- Physical Activity
- leads to putting on weights when food intake is less than energy expanded
Social
- Low socio-economic status
- poor food choices
- lack of health care
Cancer Control- Reason for Selection
Major Impact
- High Morbitity and Mortality Rates
- Large Cost to Health care
- Is something that can be controlled with screening
Cancer Control- Key Features
- Caused by changes in genetic material in cells
- cells become damaged so they don’t function properly
- Carcinogen
- A substance that causes cancer (external)
- smoking, asbestos, viruses, fumes, OXIDANTS
- A substance that causes cancer (external)
Cancer Control- List Major Cancer Concerns
- Breast
- Cervical
- Colo-Rectal
- Lung
- Melanoma Skin Cancer
- Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
- non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
- Prostate Cancer
Cancer Risk Factors
Biological
- Genetics
- Breast, Ovaria, Prostate especially
- Complexion
- Skin Cancer
- Bodyweight
- Sex
- Breat, cervical, prostate
Cancer Risk Factors
Behavioural
- Poor eating habits
- colorectal, prostate
- Lack of physical Activity
- colorectal, prostate
- Tanning/exposure to sun
- skin cancer
- smoking
- lung cancer
Cancer Risk Factors
Social
- Rural Area
- lack of awareness and treatment
- Poor Socioeconomic Status
- lack of awareness and treatment
