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Health And Human Development > NHPA's > Flashcards

NHPA's Flashcards

1
Q

List the NHPA’s

A
  • Mental Health
  • Asthma
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Cardiovascular Disease
  • Obesity
  • Musculoskeletal conditions and Arthritis
  • Injury prevention and control
  • Cancer Control
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2
Q

Key Features of Mental Health

A

People with mental illnesses have disturbed feelings and thoughts that can develop into symptoms and behaviours that are distressing to themselves and others

Key Features

  • Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar, Eating Disorders
  • Depression has a variety of sympotms
    • loss of motivation
    • anxiety
    • loss of interest
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3
Q

Mental Health- reason for NHPA selction

A
  • almost all Australians will be effected by mental illnesses at some stage in their life
  • leading cause of morbidity in Australia
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4
Q

Determinants that act as Risk Factors – Mental Health

A

Biological-

  • Genetics
    • predisposition of depression
  • Sex
    • women are more likely to experience depression
  • Age

Behavioural

  • Smoking/alcohol (although these can be symptoms)

Social

  • Early Life Experiences
    • child abuse, family seperation
  • low socioeconomic status
  • social influences
    • eating disorders
    • self image
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5
Q

Asthma-Key Features and what it is

A

Asthma is a disease which affects the lungs and makes it difficult to breath

  • constriction of the airways, relating in a lack of oxygen intake meaning lack of Oxygen in the blood
  • asthmatic airways overreact and narrow easily
  • chronic asthmatic can have a permantantly narrow airway
  • prevention is better than controlling it
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6
Q

Reason for Selection of Asthma and Determinants

A
  • widespread diease
  • causes reduced quality of life
  • requires use of alot of GP and emergency health care

Biological

  • Genetic predisposition
  • Indigenous Australian background

Behavioural

  • Lack of Physical Activity
  • Smoking
  • Poor eating habits
    • processed foods
    • low antioxidants

Social

  • exposure to allergens
    • pollens, moulds etc.
  • Hygenic environment as a child
    • reduces effectiveness of immune system
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7
Q

Risk Factors of Asthma

A

There is a difference b/w determinants that acts as risk factors and triggers whcih bring on the actual attack

*

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8
Q

Diabetes Mellitus- reason for selection

A

Complications of disease significantly contribute to ill health and premature death

-continues to rise

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9
Q

Diabetes Mellitus- What it is/normal body

A

A condition that affects the body’s ability to use glucose. Caused by a lack of insulin or a resistance to insulin

  • Pancreas
    • secretes insulin
      • takes up sugars
    • secretes glucagon
      • stimulates sugar to relase sugar
  • when glucose levels are low, pancreas produces glucgon to stimulate liver to release glucose to increase blood glucose level
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10
Q

Diabetes Mellitus-key features/type 2

A

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

  • too much sugar means body is resistant to insulin
    • cells can’t take up sugar so there is not enough sugar to convert to energy
  • increased sugar in blood and decreased sugar in blood = not right
  • sugar levels want to be even
  • cells dilute sugar in blood with its water
    • resulting in too little water in cells = dehydration
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11
Q

Diabetes Mellitus-Symptoms/Key Features

A
  • Tiredness
    • from lack of sugar in cells
  • Dehydration
    • from dilution of sugar in blood
  • incr. urination
    • from incr. thirst from dehydration
  • loss of weight
    • from body using fat stores for energy rather than from energy from cells
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12
Q

Diabetes Mellitus- Type 1 & Type 2 Risk Factors

A

Biological

  • Genetics (type 1 & 2)
  • Incr. blood pressure
  • excess weight
  • Indigeneous Aus. descent

Behavioural

  • Poor eating habits
  • lack of physical activity

Social

  • socio-economic status
  • food
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13
Q

Cardiovascular disease- Reason for Selection

A
  • Due to the fact that there is alot of preventable heart, stroke and cascular disease in Aus
  • leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Aus.
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14
Q
  • CVD- Key features
A

Blockages in the arteries feeting to the heart (heart attack) or the brain (stroke)

Atherosclerosis - fatty diposits/build up in veins/arteries

  • Cholesterol
    • High Lipoproteins (HDL)
      • Good- takes up cholesterol
        • fish
        • olive oil
    • Low Lipoproteins (LDL)
      • Bad- connects with cholesterol and causes build up in veins
        • take away food
        • fatty food
  • blockage causes turbulance, which causes a blood clot which stops blood from getting through
    • heart attack
    • strokes
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15
Q

CVD- Risk Factors

A

Biological

  • High Cholesterol
  • High Blood Pressure
  • Indigeneous Descent
  • Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus
    • thick blood (hypertension)=high blood pressure
    • can damage artery walls

Behavioural

  • Lack of Physical Activity
  • Poor Eating Habits
  • alcohol/smoking
    • thicker blood
    • higher bp

Social

  • Stress
    • High BP
  • Low socioeconomic status
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16
Q

Obesity- Reason for selection

A
  • numbers are increasing
  • cose to economy is significant (health Care
  • Risk Factor to other diseases
17
Q

Obesity- Key Features

A
  • Puts extra demands on the heart
  • places stress on lungs and airways
  • increase in colo-rectal cancer stats.
  • incr. in mental illnesses
18
Q

Obesity- Risk Factors

A

Biological

  • Genetics
    • predisposition

Behavioural

  • Poor eating habits
  • Physical Activity
    • leads to putting on weights when food intake is less than energy expanded

Social

  • Low socio-economic status
    • poor food choices
    • lack of health care
19
Q

Cancer Control- Reason for Selection

A

Major Impact

  • High Morbitity and Mortality Rates
  • Large Cost to Health care
  • Is something that can be controlled with screening
20
Q

Cancer Control- Key Features

A
  • Caused by changes in genetic material in cells
    • cells become damaged so they don’t function properly
  • Carcinogen
    • A substance that causes cancer (external)
      • smoking, asbestos, viruses, fumes, OXIDANTS
21
Q

Cancer Control- List Major Cancer Concerns

A
  • Breast
  • Cervical
  • Colo-Rectal
  • Lung
  • Melanoma Skin Cancer
  • Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
  • non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
  • Prostate Cancer
22
Q

Cancer Risk Factors

Biological

A
  • Genetics
    • Breast, Ovaria, Prostate especially
  • Complexion
    • Skin Cancer
  • Bodyweight
  • Sex
    • Breat, cervical, prostate
23
Q

Cancer Risk Factors

Behavioural

A
  • Poor eating habits
    • colorectal, prostate
  • Lack of physical Activity
    • colorectal, prostate
  • Tanning/exposure to sun
    • skin cancer
  • smoking
    • lung cancer
24
Q

Cancer Risk Factors

Social

A
  • Rural Area
    • lack of awareness and treatment
  • Poor Socioeconomic Status
    • lack of awareness and treatment
25
Q

Musculoskeletal Conditions and Arthritis

What it is and Reason for Selection

A

A condition which affects muscles bones and joints

Arthritis is an inflammation of the the joints

  • causes alot of disability
  • leades to a loss of quality of life, restriction on mobility
  • high use of hospitals and health care
26
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Where bones progressively lose density and mass resulting in brittle bones

27
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

The cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones slowly wears away

28
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A
  • Invlolves the inflammation, deformity and destruction of joints
  • the immune system attacks the tissue
  • only form of arthritis that causes premature death
29
Q

Juvenile Arthritis

A

A form of arthritis that occurs in children under the age of 16

30
Q

Musculoskeletal Conditions Risk Factors

Biological

A

Age

  • usually in people 45 years +

Hormones

  • drop in oestrogen increases chances of osteoperosis

Gender

  • women are more likely to have most forms of arthritis

Genetics/Hereditry

31
Q

Musculoskeletal Conditions Risk Factors

Behavioural

A
  • Repetitive Motions (RSI)
  • Tobacco and Alcohol consumption
  • Lack of vitamin D (calcium absorption)
32
Q

Musculoskeletal Conditions Risk Factors

Social

A
  • low socioeconomic stauts
  • remote living
    • Both mean lack of diagnosis and treatment
33
Q

Injury Prevention and Control

what it is and reason for selection

A

Physical harm or damage to health caused by an external event

  • most preventable cause of preventable death and disablity
34
Q

Injury Prevention

Key Features

A

Morbidity

  • broken bones
  • burns
  • road accidents

Mortality

  • suicide
  • road accidents
  • homocides
35
Q

Injury Prevention

Risk Factors

A

Biological

  • Age
    • young children (burns and drownings)
    • young adults (transport accidents and suicide)
    • elderly (falls due to lack of mobility)

Behavioural

  • Risky driving
  • drug or alcohol use

Social

  • Low socio-economic status
  • social influence from peers

Health And Human Development (4 decks)

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