Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health And Human Development > Macro and Micro Nutrients > Flashcards

Macro and Micro Nutrients Flashcards

1
Q

List Macro Nutrients

A
  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
  • Fibre
  • Fats
  • water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List Micro Nutrients

A
  • Folate
  • Vitamin B12
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Protein

A

Macronutrient made from amino acids that is necesary for the growth, mainenance and repair of body tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Protein

A
  • Enables growth and repair of body tissue
  • secondary source of energy
  • Regulates body
    • hormones, anitbodies etc
  • transports substances around the body

Sources

  • Fish
  • nuts
  • eggs
  • legumes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Carbohydrate

A

Macronutrient made from monosaccharieds which are the body’s most important source of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Simple form

  • Glucose

Purpose

  • Primary source of energy
  • by using carbs instead of proteins for energy, can promote repair of body

Sources

  • Breads/grains
  • potatos
  • pasta
  • banana
  • corn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define Fibre

A

Complex Carbohydrate found in plants that remains mostly undigested as it travels through the digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Soluble Fibres

A

Types of Fibre found in planc cell walls that dissolves or swells in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Insoluble Fibres

A

Type of fibre found in plant cell walls that doesn’t dissolve in water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Resistant FIbres

A

Startch that acts like fibre by resisting digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fibre

A
  • 3 types
    • Soluble
    • insoluble
    • resistant
  • Helps with digestion
  • Produces Bulk which attaches to waste
    • moves through intestines more
  • Lack of fibre
    • means that food spends longer time in bowels, meaning that the digestive tract is exposed to carcinogens more
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Fats

A

Fats are a macronutrient made from fatty or oily compounds that is insoluble in water and is necessary to provide and store energy in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Unsaturated Fats

A

Good Fats

Monounsaturated

  • with only single bonds
  • can be made by the body
  • eg. avocado, olive oil, sesame

Polyunsaturated

  • double bonds in structure
  • cannot be made by body, therefore need to be eaten
  • Omega 3, Omega 6, polyunsaturated fatty acids
  • eg. vegetable oils, fish oils, oily fish
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Saturated Fats

A

Bad Fats

  • No double bonds
  • semi-solid
  • can be made by body
  • associated with heart disease, high b/p
  • eg. meats, eggs, cream, whole milk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Trans Fats

A

REALLY bad

  • Partially hydrogenated
    • makes them more saturated and more firm
  • More bad effect on health
  • eg. cakes, biscuits, deep fried food
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Purpose of Fats

A
  • Carry Fat soluble vitamins around body
    • A,D,E,K
  • Satisfies hunger
  • shock absorber
  • insulates body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define Water

A

A Macro Nutrient that is an essential component of all body tissues and performs many important functions including digestion, transportation, lubrication, regulation and elimination

18
Q

Water

A
  • Most abundant substance in body
  • can survive for 8 weeks w/o food with water

Purpose

  • Helps transport water soluble nutrients around the body
  • Gets rid of wastes
  • regulates body temperature

Sources

  • Liquids
    • water, juice, soup
  • Water rich foods
    • fruit veges, watermelon
  • body makes water
    • by-product of metabolism
19
Q

Define Vitamins

water and fat soluble

A

Micornutrients that function with enzymes to speed up the chemical reactions necessary for body functionings including energy production.

Water Soluble

  • Vitamin C
  • Folate
  • B12

Fat Soluble

  • Vitamin A
  • Vitamin D
20
Q

Purpose of Vitamin C

A
  • collagen production
  • acts as anitoxidant
  • assists in healing woulds
  • assists in hormone production
  • Helps absorb other vitamins
21
Q

Defficiency and Sources of Vitamin C

A

Defficient

  • Scurvy
    • bleeding, infection, wounds not healing

Sources

  • Oranges, capsicum, mango, pineapple
22
Q

Folate Purpose

A
  • Works with B12
  • assists in cell division during growth
  • critical to healthy development in foetus
  • assist in red blood cell maturation
23
Q

Deficiency and Sources of Folate

A

Deficcient

  • during pregnancy
    • neural defects (spina bifida)

Sources

  • Oranges
  • muesli
  • strawberries
  • avocado
  • broccoli
24
Q

Purpose Vitamin B12

A
  • Assists in Folate
  • formation and maturation of red blood cells
  • assists in energy production
  • assists in normal nerve functions
  • assists in cell formation
25
Q

Deficiency and Sources of B12

A

Deficiency

  • Tiredness
  • sore tongue
  • memory loss
  • anaemia
  • heart palpations

Sources

  • Meats
    • chicken
  • Milk
  • Eggs
  • Sardines
26
Q

Purpose of Vitamin A

A
  • Maintains normal vision
  • assists in formation of cells
  • assists in body’s immune system
  • antioxidants
27
Q

Deficiency and Sources of Vitamin A

A

Deficiency

  • Infection
  • night blidness
  • poor eye health

Sources

  • Carrots
  • broccoli
  • milk
  • canteloupe
28
Q

Purpose of Vitamin D

A
  • Assists in absorption of calcium
  • assists in skin cell production
29
Q

Deficiency and Sources of Vitamin D

A
  • Lack of bone strength
  • rickets
  • asteomalcia

Sources

  • Eggs
  • meat
  • butter
  • milk
  • peppercorns
  • sunlight
30
Q

Define Minerals

A

Inorganic compounds needed, in small amounts, for the health, growht and optimal functions of the body

  • all of the below are measured in mg per day
31
Q

Purpose of Calcium

A
  • Major function to form and maintain bones and teeth
  • normal blod clots
  • activity of some enzymes
  • contraction of muscles
  • regulation of heart beat
32
Q

Deficiency and Sources of Calcium

A

Deficient

  • Muscle pains, spasms
  • osteoporosis
  • decreased grwoth in children

Sources

  • Milk
  • cheese
  • yoghurt
  • broccoli
33
Q

Purpose of Flouride

A
  • Assists in straightening of tooth enamel
  • assists in calcium uptake
  • assists in strengthening of bones
34
Q

Sources and Deficient of Flouride

A

Deficient

  • Dental Cavities due to weakend enamel

Sources

  • Flourinated drinking water
  • tea
  • seaweed
35
Q

Purpose of Iodine

A
  • Assists in formation of thyroxine
    • 3/4 of iodine found in thyroid gland
    • iodine becomes part of thyroxine
  • Controls Rate of Metabolism
    • thyroxine controls the rate that cells use energy
  • Assists in stimulating rate of growth
    • thyroxine stimulates protein synthesis
      • Brain and CNS development
36
Q

Deficient and Sources of Iodine

A

Deficient

  • Goitre
    • enlarged thyroid
    • slow metabolism
  • Cretinism
    • brain damage in children

Sources

  • Iodised Salt
  • seafood
  • seaweed
  • molasses
37
Q

Defiecient and Sources of Iron

A

Defiecient

  • Assists in formation of haemoglobin
    • carries oxygen around the blood
  • Helps form myoglobin
    • Stores oxygen in muslces

Sources

  • _Liver,_Kidneys, beef, oysters
  • leafy greens
  • wholegrain cereals
  • legumes, nuts, seeds
38
Q

Purpose of Iron

A
  • assists in formation of haemoglobin
    • carries Oxygen in the blood
  • Helps form myoglobin
    • stores oxygen in muscles
39
Q

Purpose of Phospuorus

A
  • Assists in formation of bones and teeth
    • Works with calcium
  • assists in release of energy
  • structural part of cell membranes
  • structural part of DNA and RNA
40
Q

Defeciency and Sources of Phosphorus

A

Deficient

  • Very Rare
  • bone loss
  • decreased growth
  • poor tooth development

Sources

  • Only 50% of phosphorus consumed
  • Dairy
  • Chicken
  • Portk
  • Fish
  • Eggs
  • Plants(nuts, legumes, seeds etc)
41
Q

Define Glycemic Index

A

Index that ranks a food containing carbohydtrates by the spped at which the food raises the blood glucose level once eaten

Health And Human Development (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions