NHA Study Guide Flashcards
1
Q
you must have the _______ _______ before even approaching the patient
A
requisition form
2
Q
all information is on the __________ form
A
requisition form
3
Q
when you introduce yourself and confirm the patient, you must use ____ identifiers
A
2
4
Q
inpatient patients must have their _________ and _______ identify themselves
A
wristband
verbally
5
Q
outpatient patients must have a ______ ID and _______ identify themselves
A
physical
verbally
6
Q
after introducing and confirming the PT, you must ________ them about the procedure
A
educate
7
Q
you have to evaluate the PT w/ their _______ & ________ to determine the best site/method collection
A
age & condition
8
Q
you evaluate the PT w/ their age & condition to determine what is the best ______ & ________ collection
A
best site & method collection
9
Q
before blood collection, you have to make sure the PT has met all ________ & ________ necessary for blood collection
E.X: if they fasted
A
requirements & preparations
10
Q
with complications you need to know what _____ them & how to ______ them
A
causes
help
11
Q
excessive bleeding happens when a PT is on ______ _________
you help by applying ________
A
blood thinners
pressure
12
Q
examples anticoagulation medications are . . .
1.) __________
2.) __________
3.) __________
A
1.) heparin
2.) warfarin
3.) aspirin
13
Q
severe pain should not last more than a few _________
A
minutes
14
Q
to help with severe pain, you can apply ________
but if that doesn’t help they should get checked out
A
ice
15
Q
lack of ________ should only last a few hours
A
sensation
16
Q
lack of sensation could be from the ________ or that you hit a ________
A
tourniquet
nerve
17
Q
if the PT feels lack of sensation during a draw, you should _______ the draw & apply ________
A
STOP
pressure
18
Q
excessive bruising is considered when it’s bigger than the size of a _______ _____
A
gauze pad
19
Q
to help with excessive bruising, you should _______ _______
A
apply pressure
20
Q
signs of an infection are . . .
1.) _______
2.) _______
3.) _______
A
1.) red
2.) swollen
3.) pussy
21
Q
STAT means you _____ everything and do it right there
A
drop
22
Q
ASAP means . . .
A
as soon as possible
23
Q
_______ consent is when it’s verbal or in writing
A
expressed
24
Q
_______ consent is when the PT is provided with all the information
A
informed
25
_________ consent is when their actions imply they are giving consent
implied
26
when a PT refuses consent, you have to _______ the person ordering test of refusal
inform
27
if inpatient, the PT must always have a _________
wristband
28
the PT wristbands must always MATCH the ________ _______
requisition form
29
what are the 3 main veins in the antecubital fossa?
1.) __________
2.) __________
3.) __________
1.) median cubital
2.) basilic
3.) cephalic
30
what fingers are used during a capillary puncture?
1.) ______
2.) ______
1.) the ring finger
2.) the middle finger
31
when doing a capillary puncture, you should always _______ away the 1st drop
wipe
32
when selecting a site to draw, the ______ _______ is the 1st choice
antecubital fossa
33
when selecting a site to draw, the ______ is the 2nd choice
dorsal
34
when performing a dorsal hand draw, you should always use a _________ needle
butterfly
35
when selecting a site, the ____/_____ is always LAST and needs Dr. approval
ankle/foot
36
you would never draw from the _____/_____ with a diabetic PT
ankle/foot
37
you never perform a venipuncture _________ an IV line, only ________ it
above
under
38
when performing a venipuncture on a arm w/ a IV line, you need to ________ the IV for a few minutes before proceeding
STOP
39
in a arm w/ a dialysis shunt, you should _________ perform a venipuncture
NEVER
40
you should never perform a venipuncture on the _________ side as a mastectomy
same
41
edema means ______
swollen, swelling
comes from fluid
42
T or F?
you should perform a venipuncture on a edema.
FALSE
edema = bruise
43
T or F?
you should perform a venipuncture on scarred skin.
FALSE
very painful
44
hematoma means _______
bruised
45
drawing blood on a hematoma will cause ___________
hemolysis
46
_______ means when RBC burst, and can alter test results because of the hemoglobin released
hemolysis
47
T or F?
you should draw on someone who is incohere/confused.
FALSE
that's battery
48
________ veins are hard, inflexible and narrow and should not be drawn from
schlerotic
schlerotic = grown rigid or unresponsive especially with age
49
sclerotic veins are _____, _____, and narrow and should not be drawn from
hard, inflexible
THINK: pen tube
50
________ veins are twisted
tortuous
THINK: twisted = torture
51
tortuous veins are ________ and should not be drawn from
twisted
THINK: twisted = torture
52
_________ veins are inflexible and tender to touch and should not be drawn from
thromobotic
53
thrombotic veins are ________ & _______ to touch and should not be drawn from
inflexible & tender
54
________ veins are very thin and should not be drawn from
fragile
55
fragile veins are quite __________ and should not be drawn from
thin
56
_________ veins are tender, warm, and can appear red, they should not be drawn from
phlebitic
57
phlebitic veins are _______, _____, and appear ______ and should not be drawn from
tender, warm, and appear red
REMEMBER: phleb - itis = inflamattion of vein
58
even though you feel the vein, it does not mean you should ______ from them
draw
59
________ _______ is our 1st antiseptic of choice
isopropyl alcohol
60
________ is our 2nd antiseptic of choice
chlorhexidine
61
when collecting a blood culture, you must clean ________ and ______ with an antiseptic
twice, scrub
62
how long should a PT fast for?
8-12 hours
63
what is basal state?
the combination of . . .
- resting
- fasting
- and NO exercise
64
with children, what types of tubes do we use?
smaller tubes w/ less vaccum
65
with children, what type of needle is used?
butterfly needle to help veins not collaspe
66
what changes w/ capillary draws?
the order of draw
67
what is the order of draw w/ capillary sticks?
Lavender
Green
Red
68
what angle is the needle always held at?
15-30 degree angle
69
POC stands for . . .
point of care testing
70
what is POC?
bedside care, immediate results
71
examples of POC is . . .
glucometer blood sugar
pregnancy test
72
what is important to help ensure safety throughout the collection process?
communication
73
if the patient loses consciousness we must . . .
STOP the procedure
call for help
assess breathing
74
we use syringes on what type of veins?
fragile & collasping veins
75
we use butterfly needles on what type of vein?
small & rolling veins
76
who do we use a heel stick on?
infants ONLY
12 month or younger
77
we do a _______ stick on an infant that is NOT ___________
heel
walking
78
doing a heel stick on infant would only be _______ months or younger
(before they can walk)
12
can impede how they walk
79
what size lancet do you use on a infant heel stick?
2mm lancet
80
how long do you use a heel warmer on and infant heel stick?
3-5 mins
81
with ANY capillary punctures, you must . . .
wipe away 1st drop
82
what is a hematoma?
a bruise/bleeding under the skin
83
how to prevent a hematoma?
PRESSURE!
84
to prevent a hematoma during a venipuncture, how long should you apply pressure?
2 mins
85
to prevent a hematoma during a arterial puncture, how long should you apply pressure?
5 mins
86
what is phlebitis?
inflammation of the vein
phleb = vein
itis = inflamattion
87
how does phlebitis occur?
scrapping vein causing it to swell
88
how to treat phlebitis?
applying ice & pressure
89
what is a thrombus?
a clot!
90
what should you do w/ thrombus?
DO NOT DRAW
thrombus = blood clot
91
what is diaphoresis?
excessive sweating
92
what is petechiae?
red dots around tourniquet (not our fault)
caused by platelet malfunction
93
what should you do if pt has petechiae?
complete draw
add EXTRA PRESSURE
94
what is hemoconcentration?
when we leave the tourniquet on too long
95
how to prevent hemoconcentration?
don't leave tourniquet on for over a minute
96
what is syncope?
fainting
lack of blood supply to brain
97
what to do with pt if syncope happens?
stop draw
call for help
never leave PT
98
what to do during seizure?
stop draw
do nothing
move furniture
99
what is shock in pt?
cold, clammy skin, rapid pulse
100
what to do if pt is in shock?
add blanket, raise legs
101
what is the order of draw?
Be Ready Your Getting Poked
blood culture tubes
blue
red
yellow/SST/tiger tube topes
green
lavender (pink)
& gray
102
what is the capillary order?
lavender
green
red
103
what is in the blue tube?
sodium citrate
104
what does the blue tube do?
everything coagulation!
sodium citrate helps clot
105
how many times should you invert the blue tube?
3-4 times
106
what does the lavender tube has?
EDTA
107
what does the lavender tube do?
it's a hematology test that preserves the shape of cells
reduces platelet clumping
108
how many times should you invert a lavender tube?
8-10 times
109
what does the green tube have?
heparin
110
what does the green tube do?
it's a chemistry test that PREVENTS clots
111
how many times should you invert a green tube?
8-10 times
112
what does the grey tube have?
potassium oxlate
113
what does the grey tube do?
it tests sugar to preserve glucose
114
how many times should you invert the grey tube?
8-10 times
115
how many times should you invert a yellow sps tube?
8-10 times
116
how many times should you invert a serum tube?
5 times
s looks like a 5
117
quality checks on equipment are performed __________
daily
118
why do we create blood smears?
for white blood cell differentials
we make it 1 cell thick to see infection
119
what tube do we use for a blood smear?
EDTA (lavender) tube
120
a blood smear has to be prepared within _______ hour of collection
1
121
what angle do you go into when collecting a blood smear?
30 degree angle
122
new borns are screened for ______
PKU (phenylketonuria)
123
new borns go through screening _____-______ hours after birth
24-72 hours
124
when collecting blood for newborns, you do a . . .
heel stick
wipe away 1st drop
125
you have to let the absorbing circle card dry for _______ hours
4
126
what is therapeutic phlebtotomy?
a fancy word for blood letting
127
what type of pt do we perform therapeutic phlebotomy on?
on pt who suffer from polycythemia vera
128
what is polycythemia vera?
overproducing of blood cells
129
how far apart can someone donate blood?
8 weeks apart
130
how old do you have to be to donate blood?
18+
131
how many lbs do you have to weigh to donate blood?
over 110 lbs
132
what is the age cap on donating blood?
there isn't any
133
what do you have to do before collecting a pt's blood for donation?
collect a complete medical history
134
what is ampheresis?
removing a blood element during blood collection by a special equipment
E.X: plasmapheresis (separating plasma)
135
what is autologous?
Donation of blood for their own future use
E.X: upcoming surgery
136
what is Iatrogenic anemia?
Blood loss due to repeated venipunctures
137
you always ________ specimen in front of pt before they leave the room to reduce the chance of errors
label
138
what is CLIA?
about test quality
Establishes guidelines for certain tests performed @ home or in facility
Required minimal judgement & interpretation
139
what are examples of CLIA?
E.X: reading dipstick, glucometer
140
what are the tests that go immediality on ice after drawing?
ammonia
lactic acid
ABG
ACTH
gastrin (stomach)
pyruvate
141
cold aggulutiins must be kept @ what temp?
warm
THINK: opposite
142
what is the special requirement for billirum?
has to be protected from light
143
what does billirum test for?
liver function
E.X: jaundice
144
how do you protect billirum from light?
using tin foil or amber colored tube
145
what does postprandial mean?
2 hours after eating
146
what is the rule when collecting stool?
you cannot mix urine w/ it
147
what is the most common non-blood sample?
urine
148
the perservatives when collecting urine keep the specimen good for _______ hours
72
149
what should a menustrating women do when collecting a urine?
wait for cycle to be completed instead
150
random urine test is used for . . .
drug test
151
clean catch midstreams are best for . . . .
cultures
prevents cross contaminations
152
w/ timed urine specimen you must . . .
refridge until delivered to physician's office
153
a 24 hour urine specimen requirements are . . .
kept on ice
do not collect 1st void of the day
154
a 1st void urine specimen is used to test for. . . .
pregnancy
155
what are the requirements for semen collection? (3)
Do not expose to light or extreme temp
Keep close as body temp as possible
Must reach lab within 2 hours of collection
156
what is sputum?
Mucus or phlegm
For microbiology specimen
157
what is the requirement for testing for BAC?
using chlorhexidine instead of alcohol wipe
158
what is required from each person that had possession of specimen for any amount of time during chain of custody?
signature & date
159
what type of bags are used to send specimens?
biohazard bags
160
what are in biohazard bags w/ the sample?
copy of requisition form & absorbent material
161
what is POC testing?
done at bedside w/ immediate results
162
what do you do when a critical value is detected during POC testing?
report results immediately to ordering provider
163
what is OSHA?
for us, ensuring workers are safe
reduces incident expores
164
what is MSDS?
Material Safety Data Sheets
anything chemical related
chemical spills/incidents
165
what is NIOSH?
anything sharps related
166
what is JCAHO?
joint commission
Focuses on continual improvement of pt safety & quality care
167
what is CLSI?
Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)
Guidelines for standards & operations
Order of draw
168
what is PHI?
protected health information
169
what are erythrocytes?
RBC
170
what are leukocytes?
WBC
171
what are thrombocytes?
platelets
172
what is hemostasis?
when blood vessels are repaired after injury
173
what is the purpose of timed specimens?
used to measure blood levels of substances (cortisol, medication)
also measures pt condition
174
what are 2 hour postprandial test for?
used to evaluate diabetes
fasting glucose level compared w/ 2 hours after eating
175
what does OGTT stand for?
oral glucose tolerance test
176
what is OGTT used for?
diagnose diabetes
evaluates low blood
177
what is therapeutric drug monitoring?
montioring blood level of medication
blood drawn to coincide w/ trough (lowest blood level) or peak level (highest blood level)
178
what is trough?
lowest blood level
179
what is peak?
highest blood level
180
what are blood cultures used for?
used to detect microorganisms in blood
E.X: pt w/ unknown fever
181
what technique is used for blood cultures?
aseptic technique
182
what color tubes are cold agglutinins collected in?
red topped tubes
183
what is ABG?
arterial blood gas
measures levels of gas
184
what is ACTH?
adrenocorticotropic hormone
diagnose disorders of the pituitary or adrenal glands
185
what do you do with a ABG collection?
you must chill it (ice)
186
what do you do w/ a bilirubin collection?
it's light sensitive
amber colored tube or wrapped in tin foil, protect from light
187
what do you do w/ lactid acid specimen?
you chill it (ice)
THINK: milk goes into fridge
188
what do you do beta-carotene?
it's light sensitive
amber colored tube or wrapped in tin foil, protect from light
THINK: carotene = pigment = UV
189
what do you do w/ a pyruvate specimen?
you chill it (ice)
190
what do you with a ACTH collection?
you chill it (ice)
191
what do you do w/ Vitamin A & B6?
Vitamin A & B6
THINK: vitamins light sensitive (vitamin c in skincare)
192
what do you do w/ gastrin collection?
you chill it (ice)
193
what do you do w/ porphyrin collection?
it's light sensitive
amber colored tube or wrapped in tin foil, protect from light
THINK: porphyrin helps hemoglobin function
194
what do you do w/ parathryroid hormone test?
you chill it (ice)
THINK: hormones have to chill
195
what size lancet is used for a dermal puncture on infants?
no more than 2mm
196
where do you do a dermal puncture on infants?
medial & lateral areas of plantar surface of foot
197
where do you NOT do a dermal puncture on infants?
do not use back of heel or arch of foot
198
what does the lavender tube contain?
EDTA
199
what is EDTA?
what color tube?
a anticoagulant
lavender tube
200
how many times should lavender tube be inverted?
8-10 times
201
what tube would you use for a RBC count?
lavender
202
what tube would you use for a platelet count?
lavender
203
what tube would you use for a WBC differential?
lavender
204
what tube would you use for a hemocrit?
lavender
205
what tube would you use for a ESR?
lavender
erythrocyte sedimentation rate = blood test that can reveal inflammatory activity in your body
hematology test = lavender
206
what tube would you use for a sickle cell screening?
lavender
207
what is ESR?
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
208
what is in the light blue tube?
contains sodium citrate (anticoagulant)
209
what is the light blue tube used for?
coagulation studies b/c it preserves coagulation factors
210
how many times should the light blue tube be inverted?
3-4 times
211
what does aPTT stand for?
activated partial thromboplastin time
212
what does PTT stand for?
partial thromboplastin time
213
what does FDP stand for?
fibrinogen degradation products
(FDPs) are the substances left behind when clots dissolve in the blood
214
what does TT stand for?
thrombin time
215
what does BT stand for?
bleeding time
216
what does PT stand for?
prothrombin time (PT)
217
what color tube should be used for a PT?
light blue
PT = prothrombin time
218
what color tube should be used for a aPTT?
light blue
219
what color tube should be used for a PTT?
light blue
220
what color tube should be used for a FDP?
light blue
(FDPs) are the substances left behind when clots dissolve in the blood
221
what color tube should be used for a TT?
light blue
222
what color tube should be used for a BT?
light blue
BT = bleeding time
223
what is inside the green tube?
contains Heparin (anticoagulant)
224
green tubes are not used for __________ b/c it messes w/ blood smears
hematology
225
green tubes are inverted how many times?
8-10 times
226
green tubes are used for ______ tests
chemistry
227
ammonia test should use what colored tube?
green
228
carboxyhemoglobin test should use what colored tube?
green
carboxyhemoglobin test is used to diagnose carbon monoxide poisoning
229
STAT electrolytes test should use what colored tube?
green
230
what do gray tubes contain?
- additives & anticoagulants (glucose preservative)
- potassium oxalate
231
how many times are gray tubes inverted?
8-10 times
232
what does FBS mean?
fasting blood sugar
233
what does GTT mean?
glucose tolerance test
234
when collecting a FBS, what tube should be used?
gray
fasting blood sugar test (FBS
235
when collecting a GTT, what tube should be used?
gray
236
when collecting a blood alcohol level, what tube should be used?
gray
237
when collecting lactic acid measurement, what tube should be used?
gray
238
what are red & grey speckled top tubes also called?
tiger top tubes/serum separator tubes (SST)
239
what do red & grey speckled top tubes have?
clot activators to speed up clotting
240
what makes up clot activators in tiger topped tubes?
silicia & celite
241
how many times should red/gray speckled top tube should be inverted?
5 times
242
red/gray/tiger top/SST tubes are used for most ___________ tests
chemistry
THINK: chemistry, green comes after
243
what do red tubes have?
nothing?
244
how many times do you invert a red tube?
0 times, no need to invert
245
what do yellow tubes contain?
SPS sodium polyanethol sulfonate (anticogulatant)
THINK: used for blood cultures
246
yellow tubes are ___________
sterile
247
what are yellow tubes used for?
cultures to check for microorganisms
248
what tubes are used for thyroid studies?
speckled/tiger top tubes
