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Anatomy And Phsiology > Neyland Actual 16/17 Functions+ Heart Test 3 > Flashcards

Neyland Actual 16/17 Functions+ Heart Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Inner lining of heart has valves

A

Endocardium

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2
Q

Thicjest layer of heart has actin myosin

A

Myocardium

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3
Q

Thin outer layer heart

A

Epicardium

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4
Q

Holds heart innpkace is a sling

A

Pericardium

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5
Q

Heart has how much more mitochondria than skeletal muscle

A

25

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6
Q

Descr8be r side pump action 9f heart

A 
Sup v c 
R atrium
Tricuspid
R ventricle 
Pulmonic senilunar valve 
Pulmonary artery to 
Lungs to
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7
Q

Describe l heart pump action

A 
Lungs
Pulmonary veins 
L atrium
Bicuspid or mitral
L ventricle 
Semilunar aortic valve 
Aorta 
To rest of the body
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8
Q

Where does all oxygenated blood originate

A

Aorta

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9
Q

What keeps the valves from flopping back up? Attached to bicuspid and mitral calves

A

Chirdae tendinae

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10
Q

Walls you need to know about and how many?

A

Aka septum
Interventricukar septum
Interatrial septum

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11
Q

List the atrioventrricular valves

A

Tricuspid bicuspid

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12
Q

List the semikunar valves

A

Pulmonic

Aortic

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13
Q

What action does the s1 sound indicate? Lub

A

Closing atrioventricular valves

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14
Q

What action does the s1 sound indicate? Lub

A

Closing atrioventricular valves

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15
Q

What does the dub s2 sound indicate?

A

Closure of the semilunar valves

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16
Q

What drains unoxygenated blood to the lungs from heart

A

Coronary veins

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17
Q

What is another term for narrowing

A

Stenosis

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18
Q

What supplies the myocardium with oxygen and nutrients? Fills during diastole when ventrickes at rest

A

Coronary arteries

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19
Q

What # diastolic range would be dangerous and show not perfusing the heart properly

A

60

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20
Q

What are the right and left coronary arteries called

A

Circumflex

Left anterior

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21
Q

Why would you. see troponin cck ast or ldh labs elevated in blood? What is happening/ has happened

A

Cardiac enzymes have leaked into blood when myocardial cells dead. Mi

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22
Q

Another name for lack of oxygen

A

Ischemia

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23
Q

Another name for death of tisssue

A

Infarction

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24
Q

Wire mesh built into catheter with balloon. Is inflated to push plaque against vessel wallsso there is flow

A

Stent

25
Q

Surgical intervention arteries from aorta to coronary arteries/ helps move past blockages/damage

A

Bypass

26
Q

List cardiac conduction system steps

A 
Sa node (r atrium)
Conducting fibers(atria contracts)
Av node (
Bundle of his
Left and right bundle branch
Purkinjie fibers
27
Q

What 2 things make conduction of heart?

A

Automaticity( generates own electrical signal)

Rhythm (goes in cycle)

28
Q

What is the bodys pacemaker?

A

Sa node

29
Q

What rate should sa node be generating

A

60-100

30
Q

What rate should av node be conducting

A

40-60

31
Q

What rate should bundle of his be conducting

A

30

32
Q

What rate ahould purkinjie fibers be conducting

A

15

33
Q

What does the p wave on an ekg represent

A 
Atrial depolarization( atria contraction) aka firing
This electrical signal makes the atria squeeze/contract/discharge/movement
Durings systole
34
Q

What does qrs complex on an ekg represent?

A

Atrial repolarization(na+ out of cell k in the cell)
Ventricles filling
Resetting
During diastole

35
Q

Ekg rhythm represent when electrical components of heart dont align with the muscle. Electricity there but the heart muscle is dead

A

Pea pulseless electrical activity

36
Q

Respresents extra spikes on an ekg reading
Implemented under skin
Great for randomn ekectrical signal reset

A

Pacemaker

37
Q

List steps of a cardiac cycle

A

Atrial systole
Ventricular systole-
Vebtricular diastole-

38
Q

Nervous system innervation-which systen innervates the sa node ( and shortens time of the av node) this makes everything faster.

So u can run if needed

A

Sympathetic/ fight or flight
Aka
Andrenergic

39
Q

Netvouss system innervation
Which system comes from the vagus nerve ?
Lowers tge sa node heart rate
Increases delay at av node

A

Parasympathitic aka cholinergic

40
Q

Does the sa node innervate the ventricles?

A

No! You dont want these getting any slower

41
Q

The sympathetic increases sa node activity and heart rate

A

True

42
Q

The sympathetic system increases soeed of the cardiac impulse through conduction system

A

True

43
Q

Parasympathetic system slows av delay

A

True

44
Q

Parasympathetic system has no effect on the strength of contraction

A

True

45
Q

The amount of blood the heart beats per minute

A

Cardiac output

46
Q

What is nornal cardiac output

A

5-8 litres

47
Q

What is formula for cardiac output

A

Co=HR x SV

48
Q

What is the amount of blood the heart beats in a single beat

A

Stroke volume SV

49
Q

Heart rate is the #times heart beats per min caused by sa node firing

A

True

50
Q

Cardiac output can be increased to 4-5 times the resting output( up to 25 litres per min)

A

True from the cardiac reserve

51
Q

The heart rate going up is a comoe satory mechanism and u shoukd be worried

A

True

52
Q

Explain starlings law of heart

A

The more you stretch the ventricles during diastole the stronger the contraction

53
Q

Starlings law how does it change the force of the contraction

A

By stretching the myocardium

54
Q

E xplain inotropic effect

A

Caused by drugs- increases force of contraction without stretching the myocardium.
No fluid increase necessary .
Ex digoxin- when heart faiking pt cant handle fluids.
This is independent of the statling law

55
Q

Sequence of events that occurs during 1 heartbeat

A

Cardiac cycle

56
Q

Average resting stroke volume

A

60 to 80 ml per beat

57
Q

If ventricles can be made to co tract more forcefully, a greater percentage of blood can be pumped per beat

A

True

58
Q

What 2 ways can stroke volume be altered

A

Starlings law

Inotropic

59
Q

End diastolic volume and preload are the same

A

True- amt blood in vebtricles at end of diastole

Anatomy And Phsiology (5 decks)

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