Newcastle & Infectious Bursal Disease

Question 1

What viral family causes Newcastle disease?

Answer 1

Paramyxoviridae

Question 2

Is Paramyxoviridae RNA or DNA? Naked or Enveloped?

Answer 2

Paramyxoviridae is SS RNA and enveloped

Question 3

What is unique about Exotic Newcastle Disease?

Answer 3

It is known as velogenic viscerotropic Newcastle disease – spreads fast and infects visceral organs

Question 4

How severe is Newcastle disease?

Answer 4

Severity of the disease depends on the type of virus

Up to 100% mortality in unvaccinated flocks, 10-20% in vaccinated flocks

Question 5

What birds do not show clinical symptoms to newcastle disease?

Answer 5

Ducks and geese

Question 6

Can humans get newcastle disease?

Answer 6

Yes, conjunctivitis

Question 7

What are the clinical signs of newcastle disease?

Answer 7

Depends on the strain, age of the host and their immune status (vaccinated or not)
Respiratory, GI, and neuro signs are all possible (like canine distemper)

Question 8

You necropsy a bird and find ecchymotic hemorrhages in the respiratory and GI tracts. What disease do you suspect?

Answer 8

Newcastle disease

Question 9

What are the gross pathological findings of Newcastle disease?

Answer 9

Ecchymotic hemorrhages in the respiratory and GI tract

Question 10

What are the histologic lesions of newcastle disease?

Answer 10

Necrotic foci in the intestinal mucosa and lymphatic tissue and hyperemic changes in all organs, including the brain

Question 11

What to the terms velogenic, mesogenic and lentogenic apply to?

Answer 11

Newcastle strains – high, moderate and low virulence respectively

Question 12

How do vaccines and maternal antibodies protect the chicks in newcastle disease?

Answer 12

IgG in circulation blocks viremia (vaccine), but does not prevent respiratory infection

IgA is important in respiratory and GI tract

Question 13

How is newcastle diagnosed?

Answer 13

Antigen detection

Virus isolation from spleen, brain or lungs and IF of tracheal secretions

Question 14

Is newcastle notifiable?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

When can antibody detection be used as a diagnostic tool for newcastle disease?

Answer 15

Only in unvaccinated flocks

Question 16

How is newcastle transmitted?

Answer 16

VERY contagious, aerosols, fecal material, indirectly via mechanical vectors, rodents, insects etc.

Question 17

What secretions is newcastle shed in?

Answer 17

All secretions and excretions

Question 18

True or False? Caged birds imported from endemic areas are at risk for the introduction of velogenic strains of newcastle?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

How do waterfowl play a role in the transmission of newcastle?

Answer 19

Unknown

Question 20

Are there vaccines for newcastle?

Answer 20

Yes, laying hens get then every 4 months
Live lentogenic strains and inactivated virus
Water, aerosol, eye, nostril droplet, beak dipping etc. But cannot guarantee that all birds will be vaccinated. In ovo more common now

Question 21

What viral family causes Infectious bursal disease? (IBD)

Answer 21

Birnaviridae family

Question 22

Is Birnaviridae an RNA or DNA virus? Naked or enveloped?

Answer 22

Birnaviridae is a DS RNA virus, segmented

Naked (very resistant)

Question 23

What is another name for infectious bursal disease?

Answer 23

Gumboro disease

Question 24

What virus is economically important to the poultry industry worldwide due to increased susceptibility to other diseases and negative interference with effective vaccination?

Answer 24

Infectious bursal disease

Question 25

What is infectious bursal disease?

Answer 25

Highly contagious disease of young chickens causing immunosuppression and mortality at 3–6 weeks of age.

Question 26

True/False. Infectious Bursal Disease has been eradicated in the US?

Answer 26

False, it is worldwide. Very few flocks are free of IBD

Question 27

How is infectious bursal disease transmitted?

Answer 27

Fecal-oral route, with affected birds excreting high levels of the virus for 2 weeks after infection

Question 28

What affects the mortality rate of infectious bursal disease?

Answer 28

Strain, viral dose, age, vaccination history

Question 29

What happens with subclinical infections of infectious bursal disease?

Answer 29

Immunosuppression of very young chicks, may not be clinically detectable
Will not die from this virus, but will die from other infections

Question 30

How many serotypes are there in infectious bursal disease?

Answer 30

Two, only serotype 1 causes disease in poultry

Question 31

What is the importance of variants in infectious bursal disease?

Answer 31

Vaccinated flocks can get infected with different variants

Question 32

What virus deplets cells from the thymus, spleen and bone marrow?

Answer 32

Infectious bursal disease

Question 33

Upon necropsy, you find that the bird had enlarged kidenys and accumulation of urates. What disease is your top differential?

Answer 33

Infectious bursal disease

Question 34

Animals less than 3 weeks and IBD

Answer 34

immunocomp

Question 35

Animals around 6 weeks and IBD

Answer 35

clinical signs, B lymphocytes carrying receptor that is a target for the virus

Question 36

Older animals and IBD

Answer 36

typically resistant, some strains can affect them

Question 37

T/F, once a bird recovers from Infectious bursal disease, you have no concerns?

Answer 37

False

immunocompromised, rest of flock likely to get it

Question 38

How is infectious bursal disease diagnosed?

Answer 38

Definitive diagnosis is necropsy
bursae changes, absence of bursae
Hemorrhages in the intestines, muscle, spleen, kidney (IF, IHC, RT-PCR, viral isolation in embryonated eggs)

Question 39

When can serological testing be used for diagnosing infectious bursal disease?

Answer 39

Diagnosis of unvaccinated flocks, or monitoring vaccine responses

Question 40

control of IBD

Answer 40

control of IBD

Question 41

control of IBD

Answer 41

control of IBD