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Hog Cholera and ASF Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for Hog cholera?

A

Classical swine fever

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2
Q

What family is Hog cholera in?

A

Flaviviridae (same as BVD in cattle)

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3
Q

Is Flaviviridae an enveloped or naked virus?

A

Enveloped

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4
Q

What is the mortality and morbidity for Hog cholera?

A

High morbidity AND high mortality

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5
Q

Is Hog Cholera in the US?

A

Hog cholera is eradicated in the US

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6
Q

What are the clinical signs of Hog Cholera?

A

High fever, depression, anorexia, conjunctivitis
Vomiting/diarrhea/constipation
Paraesis, paralysis, circling tremors, convulsions
Leukopenia
Hyperemia and purpura of abdomen and ears

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7
Q

You arrive at a farm and see several pigs displaying neuro signs from paralysis, to circling tremors and convulsions. When you get closer you notice hyperemia and purpura of abdomen and ears. What disease do these pig have?

A

Hog cholera in the flaviviridae family

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8
Q

Would a pig with hog cholera have respiratory issues?

A

A pig with hog cholera could have 2ry bacterial pneumonia

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9
Q

T/F, young swine are less susceptible to Hog cholera?

A

False, young swine (and all naive animals) die very quickly without clinical signs

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10
Q

How long can a pig with hog cholera survive?

A

One or two weeks, they may die from 2ry bacterial infections

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11
Q

How does hog cholera affect a pregnant sow?

A

Abortion, resorption, fetal mummification

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12
Q

How does hog cholera affect a newborn?

A

Tremors, runts, death

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13
Q

Could a pig have subacute or chronic hog cholera?

A

Yes, if they live in an endemic area. Strains of moderate virulence

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14
Q

What is the common entry point of hog cholera?

A

Ingestion, with 1ry replication in the tonsils.

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15
Q

Where is the 2ry replication in hog cholera?

A

Endothelial cells, lymphoid organs, bone marrow, hemorrhages, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia

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16
Q

You suspect hog cholera, but upon necropsy you see no lesions. Why?

A

Peracute case, no time for lesions to evolve

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17
Q

You perform a necropsy on a pig, and see infraction of the spleen. What two diseases do you suspect?

A

African swine fever and hog cholera

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18
Q

You perform a necropsy on a pig and see the following: petechial hemorrhages, congestion, infarction of the spleen, liver, bone marrow and lungs. You also see DIC. What disease and family?

A

Hog cholera, flaviviridae

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19
Q

What is commonly seen in subacute or chronic cases of hog cholera?

A

Necrotic ulceration of the mucosa of the large intestines, and opportunistic 2ry bacterial pneumonia and enteritis

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20
Q

What is the MOST PROMINENT lesion seen at necropsy in a pig with hog cholera?

A

General exhaustion of the lymphoid system (atrophy of thymus, spleen and LNs)

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21
Q

If a sow with hog cholera gives birth, and the some of the piglets survive, others do not. Why? Should you be concerned with the healthy ones?

A

Placental attachment, only some get infected. The healthy ones are still life-long shedders!

22
Q

How do you diagnose hog cholera?

A

IF in tissues and antigen ELISA (best)
Virus Isolation and neutralization
Must be sent to an authorized lab!

23
Q

Is hog cholera notifiable?

A

In most countries

24
Q

Can you use serology in hog cholera?

A

Yes, but not for outbreaks or for testing an incoming animal (PI will not seroconvert)
Epidemiology/circulating strains

25
How is hog cholera transmitted?
Direct or indirect (fomites!) | PI (or in-apparently infected swine)
26
What is the best control method for hog cholera?
Test and slaugther
27
How could you explain an outbreak of hog cholera in a clean herd?
Bringing in a PI or in-apparently infected swine | Garbage-feeding was a common source
28
Your farm has a outbreak of hog cholera, is it okay to cull the pigs and freeze the meat so the virus dies, making it safe for consumption?
No, hog cholera virus survives for a long time in freezing temperatures
29
Are there vaccines for hog cholera?
Yes, attenuated vaccines
30
What virus family causes African Swine Fever?
Asfaviridae | ASF = ASFaviridae
31
Is Asfaviridae a DNA or RNA virus?
DNA, enveloped
32
What virus/disease causes paracrystalline arrays in the cytoplasm of cells?
Asfaviridae | African Swine Fever
33
T/F, the envelop of Asfaviridae (African swine fever) makes it more virulent?
False, the envelope is NOT necessary for virus infectivity
34
Is African Swine Fever zoonotic?
No
35
What are the reservoirs and vectors of African Swine Fever?
Warthogs (asymptomatic) and soft ticks
36
In African Swine Fever, who has a higher viremia, young or old warthogs?
Young warthogs have a higher virema
37
What is the mortality of African Swine Fever?
100%
38
What are the clinical signs of African Swine Fever?
High fever, diarrhea, incoordination, postration. Dyspnea, vomiting, nasal and conjunctival discharge, reddening or cyanosis of ears and snout, hemorrhages from nose and anus
39
What happens to a pregnant sow infected with ASF?
She aborts
40
How is ASF transmitted?
Infected meat and ticks
41
You are waiting on test results to see if pigs you saw recently has ASF or hog cholera. Which one would be more of a concern if you didn't infect your boots when going to the next farm?
Hog cholera -- can be transmitted by fomites | ASF -- can be transmitted by infected meat or ticks
42
You are waiting on test results to see if pigs you saw recently has ASF or hog cholera. Which one would be more of a concern if you didn't infect your boots when going to the next farm?
Hog cholera -- can be transmitted by fomites | ASF -- can be transmitted by infected meat, PI pigs or ticks
43
What is chronic disease of ASF characterized by?
Cutaneous ulcers, pneumonia, pericarditis, pleuritis and arthritis
44
What is chronic disease of ASF characterized by?
Cutaneous ulcers, pneumonia, pericarditis, pleuritis and arthritis
45
What diagnostic test is best for ASF?
Detection of viral antigen (IF and Ag ELISA)
46
Can you do virus isolation in ASF?
Yes, but it is not a good idea. You need a fast test so you can get results and quarantine infected ones
47
Is there a vaccine for ASF?
No
48
What is the best control for ASF?
Strict import rules (no import from ASF countries), destruction of waste food scraps from ships/planes in foreign areas & testing
49
How can you break the sylvatic cycle in African Swine Fever?
You cannot (you would have to remove all ticks from wild hogs)
50
Why are there no vaccines for ASF?
Receptors of the virus are not on the envelope, the receptors are protected by the envelope (hidden) Pigs do not respond well enough to the vaccine to have immunity

Virology (5 decks)

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