NEWCASTLE DISEASE & INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS

Question 1

Causative agent of New Castle Disease

Answer 1

Avian Paramyxovirus Type 1 (APMV-1)

Question 2

NCD also known as

Answer 2

Avian Pest

Question 3

An acute rapidly spreading respiratory disease characterized by harsh breathing, coughing, sneezing, and often followed by nervous manifestation.

Answer 3

NCD

Question 4

NCD is characterized by?

Answer 4

harsh breathing, coughing, sneezing, and often followed by nervous manifestation

Question 5

Domestic poultry susceptible to NCD

Answer 5

chickens, turkeys, pigeons, and ducks

Question 6

being most affected by NCD

Answer 6

chickens and turkeys

Question 7

the least susceptible to NCD

Answer 7

waterfowl

Question 8

Severity of NCD depends on the ff:

Answer 8

• virulence and genetic type of the virus
• host susceptibility

Question 9

Is there a treatment for Newcastle disease?

Answer 9

None

Question 10

morbidity and mortality rate of NCD (in young birds?)

Answer 10

100% morbidity
50% mortality
(up to 90% in young birds)

Question 11

Virulent Newcastle disease strains are endemic in poultry in most of these places

Answer 11

Asia, Africa, Mexico and some countries of South America.

Question 12

Countries free from NCD

Answer 12

US and Canada

Question 13

How US and Canada maintain the NCD-free status?

Answer 13

• import restrictions
• active surveillance and monitoring
• culling infected poultry and susceptible birds

Question 14

What type of virus is avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1)

Answer 14

RNA virus

Question 15

the most important of the 22 known APMV serotypes as a pathogen for poultry

Answer 15

Avian Paramyxovirus Type 1 (APMV-1)

Question 16

Prevention against NCD is accomplished through?

Answer 16

vaccination and strict biosecurity

Question 17

How many known APMV serotypes are there?

Answer 17

22 serotypes

Question 18

Three forms of NCD based on its virulence

Answer 18

1 Velogens (virulent)
2. Mesogens (moderately virulent)
3. Lentogens (low virulent)

Question 19

Virulent form of NCD

Answer 19

Velogens

Question 20

Moderately form of NCD

Answer 20

Mesogens

Question 21

are now classified as virulent NDVs (vNDVs)

Answer 21

Velogens (virulent) andMesogens (moderately virulent)

Question 23

the cause of Newcastle disease and reportable infections

Answer 23

vNDVs (velogens & mesogens)

Question 24

the NDVs of low virulence (loNDVs) widely used as live vaccines, are not reportable

Answer 24

lentogens (low virulent)

Question 25

Severity of NCD infection depends on:

Answer 25

• Virus virulence • Virus tropism • Age, immune status, and susceptibility of host species

Question 26

External factors that have a lesser impact on NCD disease course

Answer 26

stress, environmental temperature, and season

Question 27

incubation period of NCD clinical signs may appear as early as _____ days and as late as ___ days postinfection.

Answer 27

4-6 days 2 days 15 days

Question 28

Transmission of NCD

Answer 28

• Direct contact with infected birds • Fomites • Airborne transmission over short distances

Question 29

often carriers of NDV

Answer 29

• Free-living birds (sparrows) • Imported exotic psittacine birds

Question 30

Symptoms of this disease include • Drop in feed intake • Respiratory signs such as gasping, coughing, sneezing, rales, nasal discharge, often followed by neurologic signs (e.g., incoordination, leg and/or wing paralysis, twisting of head and neck. • Digestive sign greenish, watery diarrhea.  • Marked variation in morbidity, signs, and lesions due to the degree of chicken susceptibility and virus pathogenicity. • Poultry flock affected with NCD may show high mortality, acute onset with various respiratory and gastrointestinal lesions. • Other: Sudden death, decreased activity, ruffled feathers and a drop in egg production in laying birds.

Answer 30

Newcastle Disease

Question 31

A common post-mortem lesion of NCD-affected birds is?

Answer 31

proventricular hemorrhages

Question 32

What diseases? Respiratory signs such as gasping, coughing, sneezing, rales, nasal discharge, often followed by neurologic signs (e.g., incoordination, leg and/or wing paralysis, twisting of head and neck.

Answer 32

NCD

Question 33

neurologic signs of NCD

Answer 33

incoordination, leg and/or wing paralysis, twisting of head and neck

Question 34

What disease? Digestive sign greenish, watery diarrhea. 

Answer 34

NCD

Question 35

Poultry flock affected with this disease may show high mortality, acute onset with various respiratory and gastrointestinal lesions.

Answer 35

NCD

Question 36

What disease? Other: Sudden death, decreased activity, ruffled feathers, a drop in egg production in laying birds, abnormal shape (color/surface) and torticollis in pigeon

Answer 36

NCD

Question 38

Diagnosis of NCD

Answer 38

Virus isolation Detection of vNDV RNA Detection of NDV-specific antibodies

Question 39

The disease has no pathognomonic clinical signs or lesions; laboratory confirmation is needed for diagnosis.

Answer 39

NCD

Question 40

Gross lesions of NCD include the ff

Answer 40

petechiae in the GI tract and edema of the head

Question 41

What disease? Clinical signs involve the respiratory and often nervous systems, as well as misshapen eggs.

Answer 41

NCD

Question 42

How many known APMV serotypes are there?

Answer 42

22 serotypes