Newborn Stem Cells

Question 1

Terms for stem cells that can be collected during the neonatal period

Answer 1

Newborn stem cells
Perinatal stem cells

Question 2

What are the two most banked sources of newborn stem cells

Answer 2

Umbilical cord blood and cord tissue

Question 3

Cord blood has what type of cells

Answer 3

hematopoietic stem cells

Question 4

What type of cells are hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 4

multipotent stem cells

Question 5

Cord tissue and cord blood are genetically identical to who

Answer 5

the newborn

Question 6

Cord tissue cells

Answer 6

Mesenchymal stem cells

Question 7

Hematopoietic stem cells are FDA approved for what

Answer 7

Hematopoietic stem cell transplants

Question 8

What type of cells are mesenchymal stem cells

Answer 8

multipotent stem cells

Question 9

Mesenchymal stem cells can become what

Answer 9

bone
muscle
fat
skin

Question 10

hematopoietic stem cells can become what

Answer 10

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets

Question 11

Using stem cells from the affected individual

Answer 11

autologous transplant

Question 12

Using stem cells from a matched donor

Answer 12

allogenic transplant

Question 13

Autologous transplants are more for what type of condition

Answer 13

acquired

Question 14

Allogenic transplants are more often used for what types of conditions

Answer 14

genetic

Question 15

Steps to HSCT

Answer 15

Diagnosis
Ablation
Infusion
Engraftment
Recovery

Question 16

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)

Answer 16

Chromosome 6
Part of the major histocompatibility complex
Most polymorphic region of genome

Question 17

Histocompatibility genes are inherited how

Answer 17

as a group - haplotype

Question 18

HLA matching needs what ratio

Answer 18

3/6

Question 19

Why are stem cell transplants risky

Answer 19

failure to engraft
Graft versus host disease (GvHD)
Infections
Relapse of disease

Question 20

Benefits of cord blood

Answer 20

Immediate availability and accessibility when treatment is needed
More flexible HLA matching requirements than bone marrow/peripheral blood

Question 21

Regenerative medicine

Answer 21

Aims to replace damaged tissue or stimulate the body’s own repair mechanism to heal tissues or organs to restore or establish normal function

Question 22

Cell therapy

Answer 22

Paracrine effect
1. cells delivered via injection/infusion
2. Cells travel and search for signal of injury
3. Cells send out signals that trigger self-repair
4. inflammation reduced, cells at site of injury are repaired and symptoms improve

Question 23

Gene therapy

Answer 23

Harvest HSCs
Culture HSCs ex vivo for gene transfer or editing
HSCs from bone marrow depleted and replaced with new HSCs

Question 24

Examples of gene therapy

Answer 24

Beta-Thalassemia
SCD

Question 25

CAR-T and CAR-NK

Answer 25

Harvest T cells or NK cells
Genetically modify T cells or NK cells to add chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)
Expand the modified cells
Infuse the cells

Question 26

Tissue engineering

Answer 26

Add MSCs to transporter
Grow into desired organ
Transplant

Question 27

Public donation

Answer 27

Limited number of participating hospitals
Only cord blood
No cost to donate
One-time cost to retrieve

Question 28

Private banking

Answer 28

Nationwide
Saved for potential use by the family
Cord blood or tissue
One time cost for processing plus yearly storage fee
No cost to retrieve

Question 29

Medical needs/directed donor

Answer 29

public and private banks
Low cost
Short-term storage