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Maternal Exam 2 > Newborn Nutrition > Flashcards

Newborn Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Prolactin purpose?

When is it released?

A

Initiates production of milk when the placenta is delivered

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2
Q

Oxytocin purpose?

A

Tells breast to eject the milk with the let down reflex

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3
Q

What usually dictates how much milk you’ll produce?

A

How often you feed and the duration you do it for

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4
Q

Stages of breast milk production

A

Colostrum
Transitional
Mature

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5
Q

What is colostrum?
When is it produced?

What’s in in colostrum?

A

Thick, creamy yellow substance
Produced around 16 weeks so early leakage is possible

Colostrum is rich with immunoglobulins, proteins, minerals, and the fat soluble vitamins

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6
Q

What is transitional milk?

A

Thinner and yellow

Comes after colostrum

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7
Q

Mature breast milk look like?

Types of mature milk?

A

Blue white colored

Foremilk
Hindmilk

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8
Q

Foremilk of mature breast milk

A

Comes first when feeding & is full of water, vitamins, and proteins

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9
Q

HIndmilk of mature breast milk

A

Occurs 10 minutes in and is high in fat to satisfy hunger

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10
Q

Which part of milk has a laxative effect?

A

Colostrum which means it can help with meconium issues

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11
Q

How often should you feed at first?

A

1.5 - 3 hrs

So 8 or 12 times in 24 hrs

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12
Q

What type of feeding pattern is recommended once feeding is established

A

Supply and demand but before this happens, you will have to wake the baby to feed.

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13
Q

How can you tell your infant wants to be fed?

What is the late sign of hunger in an infant? And what comes right before it?

A

They wake up and are active. They may even give you a sucking motion, smack their lips, or thrust their tongue. Rooting behaviors and alert.

Crying is the late sign. Hand swinging motion comes before.

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14
Q

How long does AAP recommend exclusive breastfeeding

A

6 months

But breast or formula should be used for the first year of life total

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15
Q

How much weight can formula fed babies lose at first ?

What about breast fed?

A

3-4%

6-9%

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16
Q

Why does the newborn lost weight within the first 3-4 days of life?

What day will they begin to gain weight

A

Fluid loss and dehydration
Stooling
Not drinking enough

Day 5 but if they haven’t gained weight by 10-14 days that is concerning

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17
Q

Dehydration in newborn:

Fontanele
Pulse
Temp
Urine
Stool
Skin
Lab
A

Fontanele will be sunken

Pulse will be weak and rapid

Temp will be an elevated low grade temp around 99

Urine will be dark and concentrated

Stool will be hard and dry

Skin turgor will be decreased

Specific Gravity will be equal to or greater than 1.020 (high = dehydration)

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18
Q

What types of fat are in breast milk

A

Unsaturated fats

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19
Q

Who determines how much a baby drinks: mom or baby?

A

Baby! If they aren’t hungry they stop. And the cues help you know too

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20
Q

What is breast milk digestion like compared to digestion of formula

A

Breast milk digestion is faster

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21
Q

What are longterm benefits of breastfeeding

A 
Decreased ...
Diabetes Mellitus
Cancer
Obesity
Asthma
Respiration infections
Gi infections
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22
Q

Which high level substances in breast milk help neuro development

A

Fatty acids, Lactose, Cysteine, Cholesterol

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23
Q

What is the reason for lower uti’s and otitis media when drinking breast milk

A

More immunoglobulins, enzymes, leukocytes

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24
Q

Can a baby have an allergic response to formula

A

Yes - which is why it pays to do breastfeeding

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25
Q

Can milk expression be done anywhere

A

Yes. While walking or traveling

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26
Q

If a mom says she is going out of town and leaving the newborn with the dad, what breastfeeding education should we give her

A

She must pump and dumb or even save the milk for later. We don’t want her to stop stimulating breasts

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27
Q

Is nipple soreness common

A

yes

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28
Q

Expected costs of breastfeeding?

A

Healthy diet
Breast pump
Nursing bras and pads (optional)

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29
Q

How could mom’s weight fluctuate when breastfeeding?

A

She can lose weight and return to pre-PG sooner

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30
Q

T/F

Breast cancer can raise chances of breast and ovarian cancers

A

False. Breastfeeding reduces breast and ovarian cancer rates.

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31
Q

What percentage of woman are recommended to do skin to skin with newborn

A

All 100% and men.

32
Q

How does society make breastfeeding hard?

Do larger companies have places you can pump?

A

Negative attitude towards it
Ashamed and embarrassed
Return to work is harder

They should !!

33
Q

Disadvantages to Breastfeeding?

A

Nipple tenderness
Milk leaks when breasts are full
Embarrassing
Stressful to meet demands
Father feels left out (he can help with pumping and bottlefeeding)
Diet perception (you can eat normal things . Just no caffeine, drug, or alcohol in large amounts)
Baby can get gas from your diet though

34
Q

Only available birth control option for breastfeeding mothers?
When can they start to take it?

A

Progestin only (mini pill)

6 weeks post partum

35
Q

What causes vaginal dryness in breastfeeding

What type of lubricant can you use

A

Low estrogen levels

Water based only

36
Q

What to do with breast milk if on short term meds

A

Just pump and dump

37
Q

What to do with breast milk if on long term meds

A

Try to feed before taking the med if you can.

Also try to use drugs that are single symptom vs multiple symptoms so it has less affect on baby

38
Q

What is it called when the infant is intolerant to the sugar in the breast milk

A

Galactosemia - and if an infant has this they need to use a galactose free formula

39
Q

If a mom has an active herpes lesion on the breast, can she still feed?

A

Absolutely not.

40
Q

Can mothers with breast implants breast feed?

A

Depends. The ducts are usually disrupted with implants. But if you see leakage in your PG, then it may be possible

41
Q

What is Brucellosis

A

It is from cows. So do not breastfeed if you have Brucellosis

42
Q

What should a breastfeeding mother do if she has a respiratory infection like pneumonia?

A

Go ahead and pump the milk but feed baby with bottle

43
Q

Can a mom with TB but who is receiving treatment breastfeed?

A

Yes she still can. Only an issue if she isn’t on treatment

44
Q

What is varicella again? Can you breast feed if you have it?

A

Chicken pox & do not breastfeed with varicella

45
Q

Which type of Human T cell leukemia could stop a mom from breastfeeding?

A

Type 1 Human T cell leukemia virus

46
Q

What stool changes go on in the baby’s first days of life

A

Tarry black to dark green to green brown to brown yellow to yellow green to bright yellow to orange.
- colorful stool happens. and is ok

47
Q

How many wet diapers are expected on day 1

Meconium?

A

One wet diaper

24-48 hrs

48
Q

How many diapers on day 2?

So, according to this trend - how many diapers should you pass?

What is

A

Two diapers
Stool should be thinning but dark

Pass as many diapers that equal days old until 5.

Should be passing 6 diapers at least after with 3 or 4 being stool

49
Q

What can help baby be in right positioning

A

Mother good posture and pillow for baby. dont lean

50
Q

Types of breastfeeding positionss

A

Football
Cradle
Side lying

51
Q

What should mom’s nipple be centered to on the infants face

A

Nipple to nose

52
Q

Optimal baby actions to have before latching nipple

How do you release your nipple

A

Mouth wide open and tongue down

Place finger in corner of baby mouth and pull down on jaw

53
Q

Should infants nose touch the moms breast while feding

A

No! they need to breath

54
Q

Latch scale?

A

0-2

pretty self explanatory

55
Q

Human milk or just opened formula expiration

A

1 hour

56
Q

Thawed human milk expiration

A

24 hrs

57
Q

Fresh human milk from fridge

A

3 days

58
Q

Fresh human milk in freezer

A

6 months

59
Q

Can you refreeze human milk or formula

A

No never

Once it thaws and you use it, get rid of it

60
Q

What support groups are there for breastfeeding?

A

La Leche

Internation Lactation Consultant Association

61
Q

Is there any difference in calories between formula and breast milk

A

No

62
Q

Powder formula

A

Not sterile so least expensive

Mix with boiled water and shake

63
Q

Formula concentrate

A

Sterile

Need to dilute with equal parts of bailed water

64
Q

Ready to feed formula

A

Most expensive bc of convenience and we use it in hospital

65
Q

What should you check all bottles for?

Best type of bottle

A

Make sure they are free of BPA-PVC-Lead

Best bottle is a quality glass bottle

66
Q

Fluoride supplement age

A

6 months - 3 years

67
Q

How soon should you feed newborn formula after birth

How often do you need to feed them

A

1-4 hrs

Feed every 3-4 hours then on demand

68
Q

How much formula does baby need?

When should baby be able to drink 4 oz?

A

1/2 to 1 oz

Lead up to 2 months

69
Q

What type of water should you use to make your formula

A

Bottled water

70
Q

How should you heat the formula?

A

Only till its warm but not hot. and do not heat it with the microwave. This can cause hot spots in the milk. Also destroys nutrients

71
Q

Broze nipple for?

Red nipple?

A

Bronze for Term infants

Red for premies

72
Q

Can you reuse formula?

A

No- can only be used for 1 hour and if there’s any left, discard it due to bacteria growth from saliva backflow

73
Q

How to handle the bottle when feeding?

A

Tilt, allow nipple to fill, and then feed.

Otherwise you feed baby air

74
Q

At what amount of formula milk should you burp

Burping positons

A

Every 1/2 ounce & then when the feeding is done.

Over shoulder, sitting, lying down

75
Q

Is propping the bottle ok

A

No - you need to hold it. Can cause ear infection?

76
Q

WIC purpose

How do they get funding

A

Supplemental program for women, infants, and children
45% of infants are served by them

They have to screen kids nutrition to get funding

77
Q

SNAP purpose

A

Provides food stamp credit

- credit card?

Maternal Exam 2 (10 decks)

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