Newborn Assessment Flashcards
What is the normal RR for a newborn?
30-60
what is periodic breathing
Pauses in breathing lasting 5-10 seconds followed by rapid respirations
What is apnea
a pause in breathing lasting 20 seconds or more or accompanied by cyanosis, pallor, bradycardia, or decreased muscle tone
Describe the breath sounds of a newborn
-Maybe some crackles in first hours
What are the s/s of newbor resp distress?
-Tachypnea
-Retractions
-Flairing
-Grunting
-Para resp.
-asymmetry
Cyanosis
What is Choanal Atresia?
blockage or narrowing of one or both nasal passages by bone or tissue. Important to assess because NB are preferential nose breathers for approx. first 6 weeks of life
How do you assess for
closing the infant’s mouth and occluding one nostril at a time. Observe for breathing and breath sounds are auscultated while each nostril is occluded. Infants may be cyanotic when quiet but pink when crying
What is Acyanosis?
Peripheral cyanosis that is normal and goes away after the first day
How can you tell the diff between a bruise and a cyanotic area?
A bruise will not blanch
What is likely if a new born has pallor?
Hypoxiema or anemia
what is the appropreate way to take a infant pulse?
Apical for one whole minute
What is the normal heartrate for a newborn?
120-160 as low as 100 when they sleep
Newborns may have sinus arrhythmia. WHat is this
increase of hr on inhalation and decrease on exhalation
What is the normal axillary temp range of a newborn?
- 5 37.5
97. 7 99.5
What is a cephalohematom?
Bleeding between periosteum and skull. Does not cross suture lines
What is a caput?
Localized edema as a result of presure in the cervix. May cross the suture line
WHat is Erb’s Palsy?
paralysis of the shoulder and arm d/t a brachial plexis injury
How does the nurse assess for developmental dysplasia?
Glute creases
How do you assess the newborn vertebral column?
Palpate it looking for signs of indentation
How often are infant weights taken?
Daily
What is average newborn length
48-53
Where is the chest measured at and how does it often compare to head circumference
measured at the nipple level
usually 2-3cm smaller than head
How is Head circumference affected in newborns
by the presence of molding
If an infant had deminished or absent reflexes, what is it likley to mean?
that they are sick or nero impaired
How do you test infant hearing
-reactions to noises
“when will i know by babies eye color”
By 6 months it should be their color
WHat are the common causes for conjunctivitis in newborns?
Staph, Chlamydia, N gonorrhea
-Newborns normally get eyedrops of erythromycin
Transient strabismus is normal in newborns up to ____
3-4 months
If mother had rubella what are some risks to the newborn
cataracts and glaucoma
Red reflex is also know as ____ reflex
Cat eye
What can cause a red reflex?
Glaucoma
retinoblastoma
(cant be seen if child has cataracts)
Infants can see the best at ____ inches
8-12
What is the moro reflex and when does it dissapear?
5-6 months
Arms and legs kick out when infant is allowed to drop
When does the plantar grasp reflex dissapear?
8-9 months
What is the palmar grasp reflex?
grasp if you touch the palm
What is the babinski reflex and when does it disappear?
8-9 months
Flairing of the does when you stroke the lateral side of the sole of the food
IF an infants babinski reflex is prolonged (bilar or unilat) after its normal time, it may indicate
- B: CNS deficit
- U: Local nerve Inury
What is the rooting reflex?
Turns head when cheek is touched
What is the tonic neck reflex? when does it dissapear?
What does it indicate if it doesnt dissapear?
the extended posture newborns take when they are supine
Goes away at 4 months
if prolonged= neuro deficit
When does the stepping reflex dissapear?
3-4 months
How should the newborn abdomen appear?
rounded and soft
When should testicals descend?
by 12 months
What are some causes of skin mottling?
- Bilated blood vessels
- cold
- stress
- overstimulation
What is vernix?
Greasy deposits on the skin
What is Lanugo?
peach fuzz hair
What are Milia?
little white pimples
What is Erythema Toxicum?
Red, blotched area with white or yellow papules or vesicles
How often does Erythema Toxicum occur?
70% within the first 24-48
How can you tell the difference between a Nevus simplex and a Mongolian spot?
The simplex blanches and goes away the other doesnt blanch and is perm.
When does a Nevus simplex go away?
2 years
When is vit K given and how?
within one hour of birth
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