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Pediatrics > Newborn > Flashcards

Newborn Flashcards

1
Q

What is caput succedaneum?

A

Edema of soft tissues that crosses midline

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2
Q

What are cephalohematomas?

A

Hematomas limited by sutures

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3
Q

When is jaundice abnormal in a newborn?

A

If within 24 hours of birth

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4
Q

What is craniosynostosis?

A

Premature closure of sutures

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5
Q

A port wine stain in the region of trigeminal 3 is…

A

Associated with intracranial spinal vascular formations, seizures - Struve weber syndrome

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6
Q

What are the risk factors for iron defiency?

A

early introduction of cow’s milk

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7
Q

What are the most common causes of congenital microcephaly?

A

early prenatal infection (HIV, torch), exposure to drugs/toxins, chromosomal abnormalities

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8
Q

What routine metabolic screening is performed?

A

PKU, sickle cell

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9
Q

What are the conditions for which circumcisions is requred?

A

phimosis - inability to retract foreskin, paraphimosis - retracted foreskin acts as as a tourniquet and blocks lymphatic flow

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10
Q

What is the most common cause of plagiocephaly?

A

positional - associated with torticollis

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11
Q

An abnormal red reflux in neonates could be…

A

cataracts, retinoblastoma, chorioretinitis

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12
Q

Micrognathia, cleft palate and glossoptosis + obstruction of upper airway =

A

Pierre robin syndrome

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13
Q

Edema and webbing of the neck…

A

turner syndrome

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14
Q

chest assymetry due to no ribs…

A

Poland syndrome

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15
Q

Urine draining from umbilicus…

A

persistent urachus

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16
Q

If stool hasn’t passed in first 48 hours, concern for..

A

meconium plug or meconium illeus (thickened meconium due to no pancreatic enzymes) = signs of cystic fibrosis

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17
Q

What are the causes of hydrometrocolpos?

A

imperforate hymen with vaginal secretions - presents as cyst in labia or mass

18
Q

What are the causes of increased gestational weight?

A

beckwith-wiedemann, prader-willi, nesidioblastosis

19
Q

What are the 5 Ts of cyanotic congenital heart disease?

A

tetralogy of fallot, transposition, truncus arteriosis , tricuspid atresia, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

20
Q

Before what age is a child at risk for respiratory distress syndrome?

A

30-32 weeks

21
Q

What are the levels of bilirubin above which jaundice is visible?

A

5mg/dl

22
Q

An abdominal mass at birth is

Most likely to be.

A

Renal (hydronephrosis)

23
Q

Soap bubble sign on radiogrphic

Film is associated with…

A

Meconium ileus

24
Q

How idiopathic apnea of prematurity managed?

A

respiratory stimulant medications (caffeine, theophylline)

25
Q

What is the definition of PPHN?

A

low blood flow to lungs after birth

26
Q

What are the features of kernicterus?

A

opisthonos, hearing loss, choreathetoid movements

27
Q

What is the most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

proximal pouch with distal fistula

28
Q

What condition is associated with meconium ileus?

A

cystic fibrosis - due to accumulation of intestinal secretions

29
Q

What are classic radiographic findings for NEC?

A

air fluid levels, air in the bowel wall, thickened bowel

30
Q

What are the causes of hypoglycemia in the infant?

A

conditions that increase insulin production (hyperplasia of islets) or decrease glucose (IUGR, issues with gluconeogenesis, sepsis, endocrinopathies etc)

31
Q

What are common complications associated with infants of diabetic mothers?

A

decreased left colon syndrome, congenital things

32
Q

An infant presents with watery discharge in the eyes and eye swelling. What is the likely cause and how do you treat?

A

chlamydia

33
Q

Describe vaccinations for premature newborns

A

Give newborns according to chronologic age

34
Q

A baby presents with blueberry muffin spots, cataracts, deafness. Think..

A

congenital rubella or CMV

35
Q

What is the difference between breastfeeding and breastmilk jaundice?

A

breastfeeding occurs early, breakmilk occurs 2-3 weeks out

36
Q

A baby presents with LAD, rhinorrhea,, HSM, saber shins, hutchinson teeth. This is..

A

syphillis

37
Q

A baby presents with cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, HSM, purpura and cardiac defects. This is..

A

congenital rubella

38
Q

A baby presents with diffuse cerebral calficcations and chorioretinitis. Treat..

A

T gondii with pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, leucovorin

39
Q

A baby presents with brain issues, skin lesions and eye involvement (chorioretinitis) - this is…

A

HSV

40
Q

A patient presents with hypoplastic fingers and nails as well as a cleft palate. This is likely due to

A

fetal phenytoin

41
Q

A swellg in the scalp that was not present at birht an which is limited to one cranial bone is likely…

A

cephalohematoma

42
Q

What are the contraindications for breastfeeding from both the mother’s and infants end?

A

mother: actively using drugs, varicella, herpetic breast lesions, untreated tuberculosis, chemo
infant: galactosemia

Pediatrics (24 decks)

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