Newborn

Question 1

What is caput succedaneum?

Answer 1

Edema of soft tissues that crosses midline

Question 2

What are cephalohematomas?

Answer 2

Hematomas limited by sutures

Question 3

When is jaundice abnormal in a newborn?

Answer 3

If within 24 hours of birth

Question 4

What is craniosynostosis?

Answer 4

Premature closure of sutures

Question 5

A port wine stain in the region of trigeminal 3 is…

Answer 5

Associated with intracranial spinal vascular formations, seizures - Struve weber syndrome

Question 6

What are the risk factors for iron defiency?

Answer 6

early introduction of cow’s milk

Question 7

What are the most common causes of congenital microcephaly?

Answer 7

early prenatal infection (HIV, torch), exposure to drugs/toxins, chromosomal abnormalities

Question 8

What routine metabolic screening is performed?

Answer 8

PKU, sickle cell

Question 9

What are the conditions for which circumcisions is requred?

Answer 9

phimosis - inability to retract foreskin, paraphimosis - retracted foreskin acts as as a tourniquet and blocks lymphatic flow

Question 10

What is the most common cause of plagiocephaly?

Answer 10

positional - associated with torticollis

Question 11

An abnormal red reflux in neonates could be…

Answer 11

cataracts, retinoblastoma, chorioretinitis

Question 12

Micrognathia, cleft palate and glossoptosis + obstruction of upper airway =

Answer 12

Pierre robin syndrome

Question 13

Edema and webbing of the neck…

Answer 13

turner syndrome

Question 14

chest assymetry due to no ribs…

Answer 14

Poland syndrome

Question 15

Urine draining from umbilicus…

Answer 15

persistent urachus

Question 16

If stool hasn’t passed in first 48 hours, concern for..

Answer 16

meconium plug or meconium illeus (thickened meconium due to no pancreatic enzymes) = signs of cystic fibrosis

Question 17

What are the causes of hydrometrocolpos?

Answer 17

imperforate hymen with vaginal secretions - presents as cyst in labia or mass

Question 18

What are the causes of increased gestational weight?

Answer 18

beckwith-wiedemann, prader-willi, nesidioblastosis

Question 19

What are the 5 Ts of cyanotic congenital heart disease?

Answer 19

tetralogy of fallot, transposition, truncus arteriosis , tricuspid atresia, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Question 20

Before what age is a child at risk for respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 20

30-32 weeks

Question 21

What are the levels of bilirubin above which jaundice is visible?

Answer 21

5mg/dl

Question 22

An abdominal mass at birth is

Most likely to be.

Answer 22

Renal (hydronephrosis)

Question 23

Soap bubble sign on radiogrphic

Film is associated with…

Answer 23

Meconium ileus

Question 24

How idiopathic apnea of prematurity managed?

Answer 24

respiratory stimulant medications (caffeine, theophylline)

Question 25

What is the definition of PPHN?

Answer 25

low blood flow to lungs after birth

Question 26

What are the features of kernicterus?

Answer 26

opisthonos, hearing loss, choreathetoid movements

Question 27

What is the most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula?

Answer 27

proximal pouch with distal fistula

Question 28

What condition is associated with meconium ileus?

Answer 28

cystic fibrosis - due to accumulation of intestinal secretions

Question 29

What are classic radiographic findings for NEC?

Answer 29

air fluid levels, air in the bowel wall, thickened bowel

Question 30

What are the causes of hypoglycemia in the infant?

Answer 30

conditions that increase insulin production (hyperplasia of islets) or decrease glucose (IUGR, issues with gluconeogenesis, sepsis, endocrinopathies etc)

Question 31

What are common complications associated with infants of diabetic mothers?

Answer 31

decreased left colon syndrome, congenital things

Question 32

An infant presents with watery discharge in the eyes and eye swelling. What is the likely cause and how do you treat?

Answer 32

chlamydia

Question 33

Describe vaccinations for premature newborns

Answer 33

Give newborns according to chronologic age

Question 34

A baby presents with blueberry muffin spots, cataracts, deafness. Think..

Answer 34

congenital rubella or CMV

Question 35

What is the difference between breastfeeding and breastmilk jaundice?

Answer 35

breastfeeding occurs early, breakmilk occurs 2-3 weeks out

Question 36

A baby presents with LAD, rhinorrhea,, HSM, saber shins, hutchinson teeth. This is..

Answer 36

syphillis

Question 37

A baby presents with cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, HSM, purpura and cardiac defects. This is..

Answer 37

congenital rubella

Question 38

A baby presents with diffuse cerebral calficcations and chorioretinitis. Treat..

Answer 38

T gondii with pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, leucovorin

Question 39

A baby presents with brain issues, skin lesions and eye involvement (chorioretinitis) - this is...

Answer 39

HSV

Question 40

A patient presents with hypoplastic fingers and nails as well as a cleft palate. This is likely due to

Answer 40

fetal phenytoin

Question 41

A swellg in the scalp that was not present at birht an which is limited to one cranial bone is likely...

Answer 41

cephalohematoma

Question 42

What are the contraindications for breastfeeding from both the mother's and infants end?

Answer 42

mother: actively using drugs, varicella, herpetic breast lesions, untreated tuberculosis, chemo infant: galactosemia