Cardiology

Question 1

What are the 3 different types of innocent murmers?

Answer 1

stills murmer - twanging
pulmonic systolic murmer (systolic ejection murmer)
venous hum - continuous murmer beneath clavicles

Question 2

What are the different types of ASDs?

Answer 2

ostium primum - defect in lower part of atrial septum
ostium secundum - defect in middle part of septum
sinus venosus - defect between SVC and left atrium

Question 3

A patient presents with systolic ejection murmur, fixed split S2 in the mid left sternal border and a diastolic rumble in the LLSB

Answer 3

ASD

Question 4

A patient presents with an ejection click and systolic murmer at the base with radiation to the carotids. This is..

Answer 4

aortic stenosis

Question 5

A patient presents with a machine like continuous murmur. This is..

Answer 5

patient ductus arteriosus

Question 6

A patient presents with an ejection click, systolic murmur at the LLSB and an enlarged right heart…

Answer 6

pulmonary stenosis

Question 7

A patent presents with elevated BP in the arms and reduced in the legs. This is..

Answer 7

coarctation of the aorta

Question 8

What can occur in the long term if a VSD is not corrected?

Answer 8

signs of CHF over time as pulmonary vascular resistance builds up. When it builds up so much that it’s higher than systemic resistance, Eisenmenger syndrome can occur

Question 9

How is coarctation of the aorta managed?

Answer 9

intraveous prostaglandin given to keep ductus open

Question 10

What are the 5Ts of cyanotic heart disease?

Answer 10

transposition, triscuspid atresia, tetrology of fallot, truncus arteriosus and total anomalous pulmonary connection

Question 11

What is tetrology of fallot

Answer 11

VSD, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta

Question 12

boot shaped heart

Answer 12

tetrology of fallot

Question 13

What is tricuspid atresia?

Answer 13

plate of tissue in location of tricuspid valve - ASD present, often VSD and/or pulmonary atresia

Question 14

What is a truncus arteriosus?

Answer 14

aorta and pulmonary artery originate from common artery

Question 15

What is total anomalous pulmonary venous connection?

Answer 15

pulmonary veins drain into right atrium instead of left atrium

Question 16

The only congenital heart condition with left ventricular hypertrophy is..

Answer 16

tricuspid atresia

Question 17

What genetic disorders are associated with prolonged QT interval?

Answer 17

jervell-lange nielsen syndrome (associated with congenital deafness) and romano ward (no congental deafness)

Question 18

Chest radiograph shows a heart with a snowman appearence….

Answer 18

total anomaus pulmonary venous connection with supracardiac drainage

Question 19

What is the most common virus implicated in viral myocarditis?

Answer 19

cocksackie

Question 20

A baby presents with episodes of cyanosis during crying and a boot shaped heart. Cyanosis improves with squatting and the murmer gets louder. This is..

Answer 20

TOF