Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Cells > new stuff > Flashcards

new stuff Flashcards

1
Q

importance of compartments

A

provide specific local environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 types of protein sorting

A

gated
transmembrane
vesicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gated transport

A

protein sorting
between cytosol and nucleus
small molecules can diffuse through

Active transport of macromolecules
loading of cargo using Ran.GDP to cross the NPC
karyopherin.Ran.GTP complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

transmembrane transport

A

between cytosol, mitochondria, plastids (chloroplasts) peroxisomes and ER
requires translocator proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

post-translational transport

A

between cytosol and mitochondria, plastids and perxosiomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

co-translational transport

A

between cytosol and ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

transmembrane transport from cytosol to mitochondria

A

proteins held as polypeptides by chaperone proteins (Hsp70 family)
TOM complex- used to cross outer membrane, dissociation of chaperones

TIM complex - used to enter matrix, Hsp70 bidnds, ATP hydrolysis, Hsp60 folds proteins correctly

mitochondrial membrane potential is driving force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

vesicular transport

A

between ER and golgi

between golgi and early/late endosomes
from golgi to cell exterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

G-actin

A

globular actin
can be present as a free monomer

transitions into F-actin under nucleotide hydrolysis and actin binding proteins (ABPs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

actin

A

2 stranded helical polymer
most abundant protein in most eukaryotic cells
most protein-protein interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

actin cortex

A

lies underneath plasma membrane

provides strength and shape to lipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

actin based cell surface projections

A

filopodia

used for cell movement and actin-based motility of pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

actin cytoskeleton

A

provides asymmetry to cells

e.g. seen in budding yeast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Microtubules are used for

A

long range transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cell migration

A

actin polymerisation at plus end causes protrusion of leading edge
contraction of back edge caused by interaction with myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

actin in cytokinesis

A

actin and myosin make up contractile ring - belt that constricts to separate two daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

intermediate filaments

A 
desmosomes - cell junctions
nuclear lamina (mechanical support/cell division)
18
Q

basis of muscle contraction

A

actin interaction with myosin

19
Q

G proteins

A

guanine nucleotide binding proteins
family of proteins
more than 700 in humans
transmit signals to cell interior

20
Q

G protein strucuture

A

7 transmembrane domain receptor

serpentine - polypeptide chain threads in and out bilayer

21
Q

ligand binds to g protein

A

causes 3D conformational change

22
Q

GEF

GAP

A

guanine nucleotide exchange factor
gtpase activating protein

induce GTP/GDP exchange

regulators of g proteins

multidomain proteins regulated by extracellular signals and localised cues

may be potential therapeutic targets for drug development

23
Q

Gi and Gs

A

effect adenyl cyclase activity

targets for medical toxins eg cholera

24
Q

transmembrane proteins are usually linked to

A

enzymes on their cytosolic side

e.g. kinases

25
Q

roles of phospholipase C (PLC)

A

liver - vasopressin - glycogen breakdown

smooth muscle - Ach - muscle contraction

26
Q

Rhodopsin

A

light activated GPCR in eye (in rods of retina)

27
Q

advantages of GPCR

A

most common method of cellular signalling
allows amplification of signals
works synergistically to produce correct response

28
Q

G proteins have pivotal function

A

molecular transducing elements that couple membran receptors to their molecular effectors

29
Q

Gq pathway

A

PLC activated
PLC cleaves phospholipid
PIP2 cleaves into DAG and IP3

IP3 released into cytosol and binds to receptors (e.g. Ca channels in ER) - cytosolic Ca conc increases

DAG remains membrane bound and activates PKC with Ca causing phosphorylation cascade

30
Q

monomeric G proteins

A

used in cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking
first discovered in virus causing rat sarcoma tumours
called Ras

31
Q

ras

A

small GTPase
regulates cell differentiation and proliferation
relayes signals from kinase receptors to the nucleus

32
Q

G proteins can directly bind and activate ion channels

A

seen in neurons and some heart muscle cells
e.g. GPCRs bind Ach
can influence membrane potential
called muscarinic receptors

33
Q

GAPs

A

determine rate of GTP hydrolysys

terminate signalling

34
Q

types of polarity

A

dorsal/ventral
anterior/posterior
left/right

35
Q

EPP

A

epithelial polarity programme

36
Q

apical surface

A

faces externally
permeable to water soluble molecules
SA can increase

37
Q

basolateral surface

A

impermeable

faces internally to blood supply

38
Q

why is cytoplasmic polarity required

A

to generate different cell progenes for tissue morphogenesis

39
Q

why is membrane polarity required

A

for crucial vectorial transport function s

40
Q

apical and basolateral surfaces of epthelium

A

separated by tight junctions

different lipid/protein compositions

Advanced Cells (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions