NEW science Flashcards
Particle Theory of Matter
Particles of matter are constantly
moving fast in gases, slow in solids.
Particles with more energy = move faster and farther apart. Particles with less energy = move more slowly and stay closer together.
Solid, liquid, gas
Solid: strong force, close together
Liquid: weaker force, further apart
Gas: very weak force, very far apart
Diffusion
the natural movement of particles
from an area of high concentration to an area of
low concentration.
Osmosis
the diffusion of water molecules across
the cell membrane.
hypotonic
the concentration of solutes outside
the cell are lower than inside the cell
Result: water rushes into the cell
isotonic
the solute concentration outside the cell is
equal to the concentration inside the cell.
Result: water will still move, but the movement will be
balanced.
hypertonic
the concentration of solutes outside
the cell are higher than inside the cell.
Result: water rushes out of the cell
Passive transport
the movement of molecules in and out of the cell by the
processes of diffusion and osmosis.
Passive transport does not require energy.
Facilitated Diffusion Transport
the movement of water-soluble
substances across the cell membrane with the help of channel
proteins or carrier proteins.
Active Transport
the movement of
molecules against a concentration gradient.
Requires energy (ATP).
Endocytosis
a vesicle is formed
around material and moved into the
cell.
Exocytosis
a vesicle is formed
around material and moved out of the
cell by fusing with the cell membrane.
Recognition proteins
membrane-bound proteins that
project out into the cell’s
surroundings.
Receptor proteins
membrane-bound
proteins that bind specifically with a
molecule and bring it into the cell through
endocytosis.
