New Model Unionism

Question 1

Why was it difficult to form a national trades union before 1850?

Answer 1

• 1779 + 1800 Combinations Act
• 1823 Master + Servant Act
• Role of government

Question 2

Which unions joined together in 1851 to form the Amalgamated Society of Engineers?

Answer 2

• Old Mechanics
• The Steam Engine Makers Society
• General Smiths

Question 3

Name 2 characteristics of New Model Unionism?

Answer 3

• Use conservative methods

- Larger unions of skilled workers

Question 4

What was the idea of an ‘aristocracy of labour’ as described by the Webbs?

Answer 4

Only protected rights of high-skilled and better paid workers, excluding the rights of others.

Question 5

Why was the ASE successful considering the GNCTU had just failed?

Answer 5

• Greater sense of direction
• Rigid administrative system
• Tax levied membership for adequate strike pay

Question 6

What role did the ASE take in the London Builders dispute and when was it?

Answer 6

Contributed 3 separate donations of £1000 to builders strike fund in 1859-60.

Question 7

How did trade union leaders learn from Londons Builders strike?

Answer 7

Started without funds and system of ‘localism’ was bad so formed on a national scale instead.

Question 8

Why did Britain’s position as ‘the workshop of the world’ create the conditions for an expansion in New Model Unionism?

Answer 8

Encouraged other unions to consider why ASE was so successful and inspired a reappraisal of traditional model of localised unionisation. Skilled unions like ASE got better leverage because skilled workers were in higher demand.

Question 9

Why did the Liberal party support the New Model Unions?

Answer 9

Attracted and sympathetic to moderate activities of union + wanted more voters.

Question 10

Why was the New Model Unionism not a success for the working-class unity?

Answer 10

Only skilled workers were members so created clear divides within working class.