Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Define the Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

1750-1900

Period when economy changed from an agricultural to a factory based system

Question 2

What Revolution preceded the Industrial Revolution in Britain?

Answer 2

The Agrarian Revolution

Question 3

What was the population in Britain in 1750?

Answer 3

6 million

Question 4

What was the population of Britain in 1811?

Answer 4

18 million

Question 5

What was the population of Britain in 1850?

Answer 5

27 million

Question 6

What did the ‘Wealth of Nations’ propose?

Answer 6

Free market and laissez-faire economics to promote economic growth

Question 7

Who wrote the ‘Wealth of Nations’ and when did he write it?

Answer 7

Adam Smith in 1776

Question 8

Why is banking considered to be a cause of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 8

Because it funded business ventures and start-ups

Question 9

Why did the Newcomen steam engine and the Spinning Jenny kickstart the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 9

Because the engine was the prototype for steam-powered factories and the Spinning Jenny revolutionised the textile industry

Question 10

How many banks had been established by 1784?

Answer 10

119

Question 11

How many banks had been established by 1800?

Answer 11

800

Question 12

Why was banking seen to be secure in Britain?

Answer 12

Because the exchange of receipts or bills for gold deposits was the beginning of paper currency

Question 13

What were county banks allowed to do alongside city banks in 1797?

Answer 13

Issue bank notes / paper currency

Question 14

What was removed from small country banks in 1826 to enable them to grow into joint stock banks?

Answer 14

A cap on banks to give them the right to issue notes

Question 15

What was the name of the first joint stock bank?

Answer 15

Lancashire Banking Company - 1826

Question 16

What was Britain credited with being the ‘workshop of the world’?

Answer 16

Because it was the first country to have an industrial revolution that by 1850, was the envy of the world

Question 17

What term is used to describe small scale industry performed in homes?

Answer 17

Cottage industry

Question 18

By how many million pounds of cotton did importations increase by between 1761 and 1833?

Answer 18

297 million

Question 19

Name 2 other (apart from the Spinning Jenny) machines which transformed the cotton industry?

Answer 19

Samuel Crompton’s Spinning Mule in 1779

Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame in 1769

Question 20

Give 3 reasons / factors that caused the Industrial Revolution

Answer 20

Technology, Banking, Entrepreneurs, Natural Resources, is a small country (easy to travel to coast), navigable rivers, peaceful country, Protestant work ethic, stable government

Question 21

Why was Lancashire good for cotton mills?

Answer 21

Cool climate stopped cotton thread from splitting, close to port of Liverpool (slave trade port), access to trading links, eastern coast closer to trade links (America), railway from Manchester to Liverpool built in 1830

Question 22

Before steam-powered engines were invented, where were factories / mills sited?

Answer 22

Close to rivers to power engines / machines

Question 23

Which raw material powered the steam engine?

Answer 23

Coal

Question 24

In what areas of the UK did the Industrial Revolution thrive?

Answer 24

North West = textile manufacturing
North East = mining
Midlands = engineering

Question 25

Why did the Industrial Revolution thrive in these areas?

Answer 25

Access to raw materials / water ways / close to ports / access to labour supply

Question 26

Which farming invention promoted greater productivity in agricultural areas?

Answer 26

Seed drill, threshing machine

Question 27

What is the difference between mechanisation of work in the agricultural south and the industrial north?

Answer 27

It takes jobs away from agricultural labourers but creates jobs for industrial workers

Question 28

How would you describe the south-west and south-east of Britain during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 28

Agricultural mainly, except for tin mining in Cornwall and pockets of manufacturing in London / some big towns

Question 29

What areas of the UK became industrial centres as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 29

North east, north west, Clyde valley, welsh valleys, Birmingham, Cornwall

Question 30

Which transportation systems were prevalent in the 1700s?

Answer 30

Horse, cart, carriage, canal system, boats

Question 31

When did railways really begin to herald the dawn of a new transportation age?

Answer 31

1830s / 1840s

Question 32

Why was the Statue of Artificers Act repealed?

Answer 32

To enable employers to get round any regulations, to take away rights and privileges for apprentices

Question 33

When were ‘laissez-faire’ economic policies in operation and what were they designed to do?

Answer 33

On and off depending on issue throughout the first half of 19th century

Question 34

How did the Industrial Revolution impact on the social structure of Britain?

Answer 34

Created new classes (e.g. proletariat / industrial working class and middle class

Question 35

What were the attributes of the new middle class?

Answer 35

Self-improvement, women’s roles becoming separate spheres

Question 36

Name 1 negative outcome of the relationship between the new middle class and the urban working class

Answer 36

Lack of unity

Diverse value systems

Question 37

Name 1 positive outcome of the relationship between the new middle class and the urban working class

Answer 37

Some unity in ideals

Belief in education

Question 38

When was the Great Exhibition and why was it important?

Answer 38

1851 - showcased the best of Britain as ‘the workshop of the world’