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Chemistry: 2 > New Materials > Flashcards

New Materials Flashcards

1
Q

Which 2 groups of new materials do you most need to know about for the exam?

A
  1. Smart materials
  2. Nanoparticles
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2
Q

Smart materials behave differently depending on what?

A

The conditions e.g. temperature

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3
Q

Name an example of a smart material and a 3 word definition of what it is

A

Nitinol

A shape memory alloy

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4
Q

What is nitinol an alloy of?

A

About

1/2 nickle

1/2 titanium

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5
Q

What can you do to nitinol when it is cool?

A

Bend and twist it like rubber

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6
Q

What happens if you bend nitinol too far?

A

It stays bent

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7
Q

Describe the useful property of nitinol

A

If you heat it over a certain temperature, it goes back to a ‘remembered’ shape

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8
Q

Give 2 examples of uses nitinol

A
  1. Glasses frames
  2. Dental braces
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9
Q

Why is nitnol is good substance to use for glasses frames?

A

If you accidentally bend them, you can put them in a bowl of hot water they’ll revert back to their original shape

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10
Q

Why is nitinol a good substance to use for dental braces?

A

In the mouth it warms and tries to return to a ‘remembered’ shape, gently pulling the teeth back into their correct position

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11
Q

What are the measurements for nanoparticles?

A

1-100 nanometres across

(1 nm = 0.000 000 001 m)

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12
Q

Roughly, how many atoms do nanoparticles contain?

A

A few hundred

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13
Q

Where can you find fullerenes?

A

In nanoparticles

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14
Q

Describe the features of fullerenes

(4)

A
  1. Molecules of carbon
  2. Shaped like hollow balls or closed tubes
  3. The carbon atoms are arranged in hexagonal rings
  4. Different fullerenes contain different numbers of carbon atoms
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15
Q

Do nanoparticles behave like the ‘bulk’ chemical they’re made from? (e.g. big lumps of carbon)

A

No- nanoparticles have very different properties to the ‘bulk’ chemical t’s made from

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16
Q

Draw a diagram/ sketch of a fullerene

A
17
Q

What can fullerenes be joined together to form?

Describe what it forms

A

Nanotubes

These are tiny hollow carbon tubes, a few nanometres across

18
Q

What does the large number of covalent bonds in a carbon nanotube mean?

(2 points)

A

Makes carbon nanotubes very strong

They can be used to reinforce graphite in tennis rackets

19
Q

What is using nanoparticles known as?

A

Nanoscience

20
Q

Name 7 new uses for nanoparticles that are being developed

A
  1. Industrial catalysts
  2. Sensors to test for other molecules
  3. To make stronger, lighter building materials
  4. New cosmetics
  5. Nanomedicine
  6. Lubricant coatings
  7. Electric circuits
21
Q

Why could nanoparticles be used to help make new industrial catalysts?

A

They have a huge surface area to volume ratio

22
Q

You can use nanoparticles to detect ____ ____ of molecule and ____ ____.

A

You can use nanoparticles to detect one type of molecule and nothing else.

23
Q

Describe the nanoparticle sensors being developed in 2 words

A

Highly specific (only detect 1 type of molecule)

24
Q

What are nanoparticle sensors being used to do?

A

Test water purity

25
Q

What specifically are being usde to make stronger, lighter building materials?

A

Nanotubes

26
Q

Name 2 types of cosmetic being developed using nanoparticles, and why

A
  1. Sun cream
  2. Deodorant

The tiny particles do the same job but don’t leave white marks on the skin

27
Q

Describe the idea behind nanomedicine

A

Tiny fullerenes are absorbed more easily by the body than most particles.

This means they could deliver drugs right into the cells where they’re needed

28
Q

New lubricant are being developed using what?

A

Fullerenes

29
Q

Describe the lubricant coatings being developed by using fullerenes

A

They reduce friction a bit like ball bearings

30
Q

Where could lubricant coastings made from fullerenes be used in? (2)

A
  1. Artificial joints
  2. Gears
31
Q

What prooperty of nanotubes means they can be used in electric circuits?

A

They conduct electricity

32
Q

Give a specific example of where nanotubes could be used in an electric circuit

A

Tiny electric circuits in computer chips

33
Q

How do silver nanoparticles differ to ‘bulk’ silver?

A

Silver’s normally very unreactive, while silver nanoparticles can kill bacteria

34
Q

How do gold-nanoparticles differ to ‘bulk’ gold?

A

Red or purple in colour - not gold

35
Q

Name a worry about nanoparticles?

A

They could have unexpected harmful properties

Chemistry: 2 (7 decks)

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