Ionic Bonding Flashcards
Ionic bonding is one of the ways atoms form what?
Compounds
Define ‘ionic bonding’
When atoms lose or gain electrons to form charged particles (ions) which are then strongly attracted to one another (because of magnetism)
What do elements on the left hand side of the periodic table have in common?
They only have 1 or 2 electrons in their outer shells
How does having only 1 or 2 electrons in an elements outer shell affect that element?
They are keen to get rid of that those electrons so that all their shells are full
(they ‘want’ to be stable)
So, if left-hand elements have a chance to get rid of their 1 or 2 outer electrons what do they do?
Get rid of them!
(and become ions)
What electronic structure do elements on the left side of the periodic table with 1 or 2 electrons in their outer shells try to get?
The same electronic structure as nobel gases
What do ions want to do?
Find an ion with an opposite charge, and then stick to it
A nearly full shell is keen to do what?
Gain any extra electrons it needs to be full
What do the elements on Groups 6 and 7 have in common?
Their outer shells are nearly full
Because of their nearly full outer shells, what are Group 6 and 7 elements very keen to do?
Gain electrons to fill up their shells
When elements fill up their outer shells what happens?
- They become ions
- They very quickly latch onto ions with opposite charges
What are the ‘left hand’ elements also known as? (2)
- The Group 1 elements
- The alkali metals
Give 3 examples of the alkali metals (6 in total)
- Lithium
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Rubidium
- Caesium
- Francium
What are the Group 6 and 7 elements classified as?
Transition metals
What is Group 7 on the periodic table also know as?
The halogens
Draw and annotate the reaction of sodium and chlorine
- The sodium atom gives up its outer electron and beomes an Na+ ion
- The chlorine atom has gained the spare electron and becomes a Cl- ion
