Atoms and Compounds & Isotopes

Question 1

What are the 3 types of particle that atoms contain?

Answer 1

1. Protons
2. Neutrons
3. Electrons

Question 2

Define ‘mass number’

Also how to distinguish

Answer 2

Protons + neutrons

Larger of the 2 numbers

Question 3

Define ‘atomic number;

Answer 3

Number of protons

The smaller of the 2

Question 4

Atoms of the same element all have the same number of what?

Answer 4

Protons

Question 5

What do the number of protons in an atom determine?

Answer 5

The element

Question 6

How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom from the periodic table?

Answer 6

Mass number - atomic number

Question 7

State each type of particle in an atom, their relative mass, and their charge

Answer 7

1. Proton - 1 - +1
2. Neutron - 1 - 0
3. Electron - 1/2000 - -1

Question 8

Why aren;t electrons counted in the mass number?

Answer 8

Becasue their relative mass is very small

Question 9

Define ‘compounds’

Answer 9

Substances formed from two or more atoms that have been chemically bonded

Question 10

What is it difficult to do to compounds?

Answer 10

Separate the original substances out again

Question 11

How do you work out the number of electrons in an element?

Answer 11

Number of electrons = number of protons

So same as atomic number

Question 12

Define ‘isotopes’

Answer 12

Different atomic forms of the same element, which have the SAME number of PROTONS but a DIFFERENT number of NEUTRONS

Question 13

The ATOMIC numbers of isotopes of an element are…

Answer 13

… the same

(same no. of protons)

Question 14

The MASS numbers of isotopes of the same elements…

Answer 14

… different

(different number of neutrons)

Question 15

Describe the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in Carbon-14

Answer 15

1. 6 protons
2. 6 electrons
3. 8 neutrons

Question 16

Describe the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in Carbon-12

Answer 16

1. 6 protons
2. 6 electrons
3. 6 neutrons

Question 17

Carbon-14 is ____

Answer 17

Carbon-14 is unstable

Question 18

By measuring the proportion of carbon-14 in some dead wood, what can you calculate?

Answer 18

How long ago it was living wood

Question 19

When things die, the C-14 is ____ ____ the dead material, and it gradually ____ into ____

Answer 19

When things die, the C-14 is trapped inside the dead material, and it gradually decays into nitrogen