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Chemistry 1110 > new material for final exam > Flashcards

new material for final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Lower solute concentration than normal, water flows into cell, swells and may burst (hemolysis)

A

Hypotonic

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2
Q
  • Don’t donate protons (H+) very readily, only some of the molecules ionize
  • Many molecules remain, only a few ions are formed
  • Weak electrolytes
A

Weak Acids

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3
Q

Gain of electrons

A

Reduction

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4
Q

What uses redox reactions as a power source?

A

Batteries

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5
Q

Destruction of metals by oxidation reactions

A

Corrosion

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6
Q

Causes oxidation

A

Oxidizing Agents

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7
Q

Causes reduction

A

Reducing agents

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8
Q

The ability of a liquid to form a membrane-like surface and resist spread

A

Surface Tension

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9
Q

Used to determine concentrations of solutions

A

Titration

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10
Q

When the number of equivalents of acids and base are equal

A

Equivalence point

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11
Q

The study of reaction rates

A

Kinetics

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12
Q

Liquid to gas

A

Vaporizing/boiling

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13
Q

Reactants hurtling through space and smashing into each other

A

Collision Theory

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14
Q

A reaction system in which opposing microscopic processes are in balance

A

Equilibrium

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15
Q

Loss of electrons

A

Oxidation

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16
Q

Stress an equilibrium system and it will shift to re-establish an equilibrium system

A

LeChatelier’s Principle

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17
Q

Prevents contact with oxidizing agents as long as the layer is 100% intact

A

Painting

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18
Q

The pressure of a gas in equilibrium with its liquid

A

Vapor Pressure

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19
Q

Holding more dissolved solute with solution than should be possible, “overfull” at this temperature, very unusual

A

Supersaturated

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20
Q

M, moles solute per 1 liter total solution

A

Molarity

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21
Q

Some properties of solutions are influenced by the total number of particles of solute dissolved

A

Colligative Properties

22
Q

Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from high to low concentration

A

Osmosis

23
Q

IMFs looser, warmer temperature, flowing, some motion

A

Liquids

24
Q

All matter meets the requirements

A

London Forces

25
Q

Can act as either an acid or base depending on what interacts with them

A

Amphoteric

26
Q
  • Donate protons (H+) readily, ionizes nearly 100%
  • Essentially no molecules remain in solution (no ions)
  • Strong electrolytes
A

Strong Acids

27
Q

IMFs tight, cooler temperature, little or no motion

A

Solids

28
Q

Have a great attraction for (acceptance of) protons (H+)

  • Essentially 100% OH- ions formed and accept H+
  • Strong electrolytes
A

Strong Bases

29
Q

No IMFs, hotter temperature, lots of independent motion

A

Gases

30
Q

The resistance of a liquid to flow

A

Viscosity

31
Q

Gas to liquid

A

Condensing

32
Q

Do not attract (accept) protons (H+) as well, only a few OH- ions formed, weak electrolytes

A

Weak Bases

33
Q

Solid to liquid

A

Melting

34
Q

Substances which resist change in pH

A

Buffers

35
Q

Blood pH falls below 7.3, expel carbon dioxide through increased breathing rate

A

Acidosis

36
Q

The pressure (force) necessary to prevent the flow a water across a concentration gradient

A

Osmotic Pressure

37
Q

Liquid to solid

A

Freezing

38
Q

Blood pH rises above 7.5, retain carbon dioxide through decreased breathing rate

A

Alkalosis

39
Q

May still dissolve more solute, not “full” at this temperature yet

A

Unsaturated

40
Q

Coats metal with a more easily oxidized metal that will form a protective layer even after oxidation

A

Galvanizing

41
Q

Equal tonicity

A

Isotonic

42
Q 
Litmus? red to blue
Taste? bitter
Feel? slippery 
Reactions with carbonates? none 
Reaction with active metals? none
pH range? 8-14
A

Bases

43
Q

Higher solute concentration than normal, water flows out of the cell, shrinks and shrivels (crenation)

A

Hypertonic

44
Q

Using the beautiful and difficult to oxidize metals chromium, gold, or platinum to coat more easily oxidized metals

A

Electroplating

45
Q

Using a sacrificial chunk of easily oxidized metal attached to the main metal

A

Cathodic Protection

46
Q

Requires a grouping within the molecule of O-H, N-H, or F-H and available nonbonding electrons on the other molecule

A

Hydrogen Bonding

47
Q

Will dissolve no more solute, “full” at this temperature

A

Saturated

48
Q

Requires polar molecules with permanent dipoles

A

Dipole-Dipole Bonding

49
Q

Solid directly to gas

A

Sublimation

50
Q 
Litmus? blue to red
Taste? sour 
Feel? sticky 
Reaction with carbonates? yes 
Reaction with active metals? yes
pH range? less than 7
A

Acids

Chemistry 1110 (3 decks)

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