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Chemistry 1110 > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The study of matter

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

The study of all matter

A

General Chemistry

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3
Q

The study of matter based on carbon and hydrogen containing compounds

A

Organic Chemistry

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4
Q

The study of matter important in living systems

A

Biochemistry

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5
Q

Identity and amount of matter (what is made and how much of each component)

A

Composition

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6
Q

How the parts are connected/joined

A

Structure

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7
Q

Describe the material itself without causing changes in composition

A

Physical Properties

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8
Q

Describes a material in terms of its reaction with other materials

A

Chemical Properties

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9
Q

The simplest pure substance, cannot be separated into anything smaller and unique by either physical or chemical means

A

Element

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10
Q

A pure substance, the different atoms have chemically joined to form this new material and have done so in a set ratio

A

Compound

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11
Q

Not a pure substance, the matter in them is just physically jumbled together without bonding chemically into one new material, can have variable ratios and can be separated into the individual pure substances by physical means

A

Mixture

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12
Q

Techniques which separate or breakdown a mixture into its components without resorting to chemical means or destroying the components of the mixture

A

Physical Means

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13
Q

Techniques which change the chemical composition of compounds and can decompose compounds into their constituent elements or into simpler compounds

A

Chemical Means

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14
Q

reactants–>products+heat

If the energy is released as heat, the container may feel warmer or fire may result

A

Exothermic Reactions

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15
Q

reactants+heat–>heat
If the energy is absorbed as heat, the container and its contents will feel colder (this energy goes into storage within bonds)

A

Endothermic Reactions

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16
Q

Energy sometimes necessary to get a reaction started, but not necessarily required from surroundings to continue

A

Activation Energy

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17
Q

The fundamental smallest piece of matter that retains the unique properties of only that matter

A

Atom

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18
Q

An atom that has developed charge (by losing or gaining electrons)

A

Ion

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19
Q

A grouping of chemically bonded atom; neutral in charge overall

A

Molecule

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20
Q

Two or more atoms of different elements bonded together with no overall charge

A

Molecule

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21
Q

A charged group of bonded atoms

A

Polyatomic Ion

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22
Q

Come as bonded pairs when free in nature (H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I)

A

Diatomic Elements

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23
Q

Indicates the quantity of what precedes them

A

Subscripts

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24
Q

Represents the number of complete units of what follows them

A

Coefficients

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25
Q

Often indicates charge

A

Superscripts

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26
Q

Columns, lots of similarities in properties

A

Group/Family

27
Q

Rows

A

Period

28
Q

First 2, last 6 columns

A

Main Group Elements

29
Q

Left/down of staircase

Solid at room temperature, luster, malleable and ductile, really high melting point, most conduct heat and electricity

A

Metals

30
Q

Up/right of staircase
Usually gases or solids at room temperature, dull or chalky, brittle solids, much lower melting point, most are poor conductors

A

Nonmetals

31
Q

Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po

A

Metalloids/Semimetals

32
Q

10 center columns

A

Transition Metals

33
Q

1st column

A

Alkali metals

34
Q

2nd column

A

Alkaline earth metals

35
Q

17th column

A

Halogens

36
Q

18th column

A

Noble gases

37
Q

m, km, cm, mm

A

Length

38
Q

g, kg, mg

A

Mass

39
Q

L, mL, cm^3(cc)

A

Volume

40
Q

about 68-72F, 22-25C

A

comfortable room temperature

41
Q

32F, 0C

A

freezing point of water

42
Q

212F, 100C

A

boiling point of water

43
Q

about 98-99F, 36-37C

A

normal human body temperature

44
Q

Not counted as sf, placeholders, only serve to locate a decimal, to show small magnitudes
0.00124, 0.5, 0.0346

A

Leading zeros

45
Q

Always counted as sf, part of the measurement or calculated value
105 in 120.41 cm 6.0304 cm

A

Captive Zeros

46
Q

Sometimes as sf, may only be locating a decimal point or may be the final estimated digit and significant

  • to the right of a decimal point>significant
  • at the end of a whole number>not significant
A

Trailing Zeros

47
Q

The answer must not contain any decimal places beyond the smallest place value common to all of the numbers

A

Addition & Subtraction

48
Q

The answer must not contain any sf than the least number of sf in the numbers used in the calculation

A

Multiplication & Division

49
Q

Mass per 1 unit of volume, mass/volume

A

Density

50
Q

Solids: g/cm^3
Liquids: g/mL
Gases: g/L

A

Units for density

51
Q

Evidence of a chemical change?

A
  1. Color changes
  2. Fizz or bubbles of new gas
  3. Precipitate forms
  4. Energy absorbed or released
52
Q

Two or more reactants combine to form one main product

A

Combination

53
Q

A compound breaks down into two or more simpler compounds

A

Decomposition

54
Q

One element replaces another element within a compound

A

Single Replacement

55
Q

Two compounds react to produce two different compounds

A

Double Replacement

56
Q

A specific form of double replacement:

acid+base–>a salt+water

A

Neutralization

57
Q

A rapid chemical reaction of a substance with oxygen; burning in the presence of oxygen to give off heat, light, energy

A

Combustion

58
Q

A compound that has only carbon and hydrogen in it

A

Hydrocarbon

59
Q

A double replacement followed by a decomposition

A

Coupled Reaction

60
Q

Unique ID, same as protons, found on periodic table, identifies the element

A

Atomic Number

61
Q

p+#n in a specific, individual species

A

Mass Number

62
Q

Atoms of the same element with different atomic masses due to different numbers of neutrons, chemical identity the same, mass slightly different

A

Isotopes

63
Q

Describes the atomic structure for a specific atom (or ion) by giving #p, #n (within the mass number) and charge (if an ion)

A

Isotopic Notation

Chemistry 1110 (3 decks)

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