New inventions and applications - France

Question 1

Albumen Paper

Answer 1

paper cooked with egg whites

Question 2

Louis Désiré Blanquart-Evrard

Answer 2

displayed chemically developed photographs rather than printed in the sun, a refinement that allowed for quicker, cheaper, and more permanent prints at the Great Exhibition

Question 3

Photographic Societies (Société Héliographique)

Answer 3

formed January 1851 when forty photographers, amateurs, scientists, critics, and intellectuals came together to form the to exchange of information and ideas to promote photography within society as a whole

Question 4

Gustave Le Gray

Answer 4

innovator and teacher, #1 influence of photography, improved negatives with wax, published a paper about the collodion process in 1850, used combination printing to solve the problem of landscape exposure, known for his landscapes instead of portraits

Question 5

“Brig Upon the Water” (1856) photographer

Answer 5

created by Gustave Le Gray

Question 6

Combination Printing (in landscapes)

Answer 6

helped solve problem of landscaping exposure, used by Gustave Le Gray

Question 7

photographer of the “Forest of Fontainebleau” Collection (1856)

Answer 7

created by Gustave Le Gray

Question 8

“Portrait de Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte en Prince-Président,” 1852 photographer

Answer 8

created by Gustave Le Gray

Question 9

Edouard Baldus

Answer 9

most esteemed architectural photographer,
large commissions to document Paris’ modernization, wanted to cover the construction of the Louvre, used large negatives (“10x14”) and panoramas from contact prints photos to record history

Question 10

Baldus’ Louvre Photogravures (1869-1875)

Answer 10

Edouard Baldus’ photograph selections

Question 11

Gaspard-Felix Tournachon (Nadar)

Answer 11

first aerial photographer, artificial lighting which allowed underground photographs
caricaturist and novelist for newspaper,
challenged traditional portraits and preferred a natural/candid approach,
took a photograph of the “Pierrot Laughing”

Question 12

Aerial Photography

Answer 12

photos taken from an upview or from an aircraft/airborne platforms

Question 13

“Pierrot Laughing” (1855)

Answer 13

portrait of a clown laughing, created by Nadar

Question 14

“Sarah BernHardt” Portraits (1859)

Answer 14

a photograph by Nadar and an oil painting by Georges Antoine Rochegrosse