End of the 19th century- Popularization of the Medium & Pictorialism Flashcards
Cartes de Visite
patented in 1854, small affordable and collectible portraits, popularized exchange of photographs, helped union photograph slaves
Cartomania
collection of photographs that are easily accessible and shareable, social class was linked with cartomania
Tin Types
cheaper ferrotypes that were durable compared to daguerreotypes and calotypes
actually iron instead of tin, process was easier as materials were smaller
more pictures of working class, candid to look like they are working, more casual poses
Dry Plate Process (1871)
used by Charles Harper Bennet, prolonged heating increases emulsion, creating fast photos to be produced, used for people outside who casually posed and landscape photography
Richard Leach Maddox
British photographer and physician who invented lightweight gelatin negative dry plates for photography
Transition to Gelatin-Based Processes
instead of using chemicals, gelatin was used, leading to modern photography era
Charles Harper Bennet
discovered that prolonged heating increases emulsion, creating dry plate photographs for people and landscapes
George Eastman
invented the first kodak camera in 1888, worked with Thomas Edison
Eastman Kodak Company (1888)
by George Eastman, Kodak camera, replaced the need for individual photographic plates as there were preloaded exposure, circular photo finish, candid photos of people’s every day life, different angles since there is no tripod so people could take the camera to the beach or on the boat
Stereographs
gave the 3D effect, was used educationally and for entertainment
subjects included landscapes, cityscapes, landmarks
Pictorialism
photography movement that emphasized photography as an art form, characteristics included soft focus and atmosphere (used brush strokes), handcrafted techniques (platinum printing), subject matter (landscapes), composition
Alfred Stieglitz
promoted pictorialism through camera work and exhibits, helped elevate the movement and photographers
“Winter 5th Avenue” (1893) photographer
taken by Alfred Stieglitz, a black and white photograph of a street in New York
Gallery 291
internationally famous art gallery that was located in Midtown Manhattan at 291 Fifth Avenue in New York City, established and managed by photographer Alfred Stieglitz
Henry Peach Robinson
known for combining multiple negative that created allegorical compositions, wrote several photography books
“Fading Away” (1858) photographer
created by Henry Peach Robinson
