new imperialism Flashcards
unit 1
what is imperialism
the policy of one countries politicial economical and cultural domination over another country
what where the dates of new imperialism
1800s through 1900s
where did old imperialism colonize
americas and outside of americas
what was the date of old imperialism
1400s through 1600s
what is another term for old imperialism
the age of discovery
what are the main european countries
spain, portugal, britian, and france
what made the european countries so strong
they had strong central governments and the industrial revolution
where did they mostly sell stuff during the industrial revolution
africa and asia
why did they use africa and asia during industrial revolution
natural resources, human resources, diamonds and coal, easy to control because they didn’t have weaponry
what were the main causes of new imperialism
economic, had to buy materials
military/political, bases
what is humanitariaism
when people from europe go on a “civilizing” mission, going to peole who aren’t like them because their not “civilized” and made them like them, but built hospitals and schools also
what is social darwinism
“survival of the fittest”
people who aren’t european don’t survive
what were the main countries using new imperialism
britian, france, germany, austria-hungary, russia, and italy
who went to africa and asia after they were taken over
explorers, merchants, soldiers, missionaries, and settlers
name all of the vunerable nations
ottoman empire (leadership was bad and declining - turned into turkey)
mughal empire (india - fighting with with the muslims and hindus)
Qing dynasty (china - last dynasy and getting weaker)
in africa most conflicts were from within
western advantages
strong economy from industrial revolution and money went to army, superior tech like river boats, telegraph, medical, weapons like the maxim guns
what did the europeans do to create weak nations
turn the people within the country against each other and get them to fight so they could more easily take over
why did most african and asian countries loose
because they had such bad guns
what happens if you resisted and fought back against the europeans and lost
you would become an unpaid laborer or slave
what did some countries use to fight back
enlightment
what is enlightment
a time period of people wanted freedom liberty and self rule
what are the types of emperial rule
direct, indirect, and protectorate
what is direct rule
used by the french - send peole from europe to the country and rule it because they thought that they were uncapable of ruling by themselves
what is indirect rule
used by the british - leaders in the native country rule with help from the european country
four causes of ww1
militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism
who were the allies
russia, france, britian, us, and italy, japan
who were the central powers
germany, austria - hungary, ottoman empire, and bulgaria
who was the heir to the throne of austria - hungary
franz - ferdinand
what is militariasm
belief that a country should have the strongest military ( glorification of military)
what were some of the advanced weaponry
planes, poisseness gas, tanks, submaries, barbed wire, machine guns, artiliery
what was the problem with germany
they were surronded by their enemies
what is nationalism
devotion to ones nation but only like it to be one signal ethnic group
what was the triple entente
france, britian, and russia
what was the triple alliance
germany, austria - hungary, and italy
kaiser wilhelm
german emperor
king george V
king of england
Tsar Nicholas ll
emperor or russia
explain the murder of Franz Ferdinand
he was the heir to austira hungary and he and his wife sophia travelled to sarajevo (bosnia) where the black hand (a group of ethnic serbs) was planning on killing him because they believed bonsia belonged to serbia. But they missed their chance but then later the archuduke made a wrong turn and got shot by princip killing him and his wife
what happened after the murder of the archuduke ferdinand
germany stepped in to tell austria hungary that they are here to support, then ah sent demands to serbia but they declined and russia stepped in to help serbia
what is the schlieffen plan
germany made a plan that can help with attack on both fronts by quickly attacking and defeating france and then fighting russia because they needed to defeat france before they could fully mobolize
why did great britian join the war
because germany invaded belgium even though they were neutral
why wasn’t germany able to defeat france quickly
when they invaded neutral belgium they fought back really hard allowing france and britian to mobolize on them
describe the first battle of marne
allies stopped germans with a successful counterattack, 6 days long 500,000 casulaties, after battle both sides made trenches, battle lines remained largely unchanged for 4 years - this ends the schlieffen plan
around how much trench was there
450 miles worth of it
what were some diseases in the trenches
dysnetery, cholera, and typhoid
for how long would they be in the trenches for
weeks or months at a time
what did the british do to help with the stalement
they created tanks to help get over no mans land
what thing did the germans create
the zeppelins “large gas filled balloons” and submarines
what was some of the new tech in the war
gas, barbed wire, machine guns
what happened when the ottomans joined the war
they cut off the straight cutting off the flow of supplies and new zealend, indian, australian and british forces were sent to open it this is the battle of galipoli, allies lost after 10 months
what happened when WW1 became a total war
relied of conscriptions or military drafts and everyone was rationing
what did the women do in the war
worked in factories, served as nurses in hospitals and on the front lines, afterward a lot of women were able to get suffrage (the ability to vote)
what were the three main reasons america didn’t join the war
isolationism, diverse population, economic interests
what happened in 1914 with the british
they put a blockade with mines and ships to cut off the centrals resources, because international law said you can confiscate military weapons
what did berlin do about the british blockade
they announces submarine warfare around the british isles
what was the ship lusitania
it was a british passenger ship that was torpedoed by germany and sank off of ireland, 128 americans were on the boat, america was pissed
what was the sussex pledge
germany promised nit to sink vessels without warning, but they broke it by announcing unrestricted sub warfare, they did this because they thought they could defeat allies before america mobolized
why did russia withdraw in 1917
they were having their own revolution
what was the zimmerman telegram
german foriegn secretary aurthur zimmerman was living in america when they sent a telegram to mexico offering a mexico german alliance by offering mexico money and land, they did this to try and stop america from joining the war
why did america hate germany
broke sussex pledge
unrestricted sub boats
zimmerman telegram
name four points of wilsons 14 points
free trade
open agreement
spead of democracy
self determination
wanted people to make peace with each other
what were three things that the us helped with
a boost or morale
troop reinforcements
economic support
when did the war end
11:00 on the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918
who were the big four
america, france, england, italy
what was the order of who surrenered from the central powers
bulgaria, ottoman empire, austria hungary, germany
what was the treaty of versailles
germany had to pay 33 billion dollars, give a lot of land escpecially from africa and asia, and make their army smaller because they help germany responsible for starting the war, these led to resentment led by adolf hitler
what was some of the consiquences of WW1
millions of deaths, weakened workforces, combat zones needed rebuilding, led to hyperflation in germany
what is self determination
the process by whicdh a country determines its own statehodd and forms its own allegiances and governments (one of the 14 points)
what was the spanish flu
not from spain, from kansas, 500 million infected 50 million deaths, no vacines (675 k americans)
