New imperialism

Question 1

what were the 3 main characteristics of new imperialism

Answer 1

1)Geographic Scope
2)Maintaining peaceful relations
3)New imperial countries

Question 2

explain Geographic scope

Answer 2

The new imperialism centered around Africa and Asia.Explorers showed that Africa had an abundance of valuable minerals and other raw materials

Question 3

Explain Maintaining peaceful relations as a characteristic of new imperialism

Answer 3

There was an actual attempt to prevent the race to acquire overseas possessions from leading to warfare . This can be seen by the production of The Treaty of Berlin (1885)

Question 4

Explain ‘New Imperial countries’ as a characteristic of new Imperialism

Answer 4

The new imperialism was not only carried out by European countries , e.g Britain , France , Spain etc but also USA and Japan as well.

Question 5

What is The Treaty Of Berlin (1885)

Answer 5

The treaty laid down rules which European countries had to carry out in their plans of expansion

Question 6

What were the Factors enabling new imperialism
(what made this new imperialism possible?)

Answer 6

• Medical advancements
  -Technological advancements
• Military superiority

Question 7

Explain Medical Advancements as a factor for enabling new imperialism

Answer 7

• Africa was known as the’ white man’s grave’ in the 18th century , because of dangerous diseases like malaria.
• However Quinine a treatment/cure for malaria was discovered by French scientists

-This made Africa and the jungles of Asia more accessible because the fear of dying from such diseases faded.

Question 8

Explain technological advancements as a factor for enabling new imperialism

Answer 8

• The development of iron-hulled steamships made it easier to navigate African rivers e.g Congo river . Zambezi river , because they did not need deep hulls for stability
• The industrial revolution led to the development of railways , steamships which made transportation easier and quicker.
• A telegraph network was established which made it easier for imperial nations to administer and control their overseas possessions
• The development of fast-firing rifles and machine guns gave europeans and advantage over the poorly armed Africans

Question 9

Explain military superiority as a factor for enabling new imperialism

Answer 9

European powers had significant military advantages over many of the regions they wanted to colonize , which made it easier to conquer and control these territories

Question 10

What were the positive impacts of New imperialism on Africa

Answer 10

• They developed states with administrative and government systems(p)
  -They provided education for native inhabitants (s)
  -They created new systems of transport (e)
• Created new systems of communication (e)
  -They engineered water and sanitation systems (e)
  -They provided medical care (s)
  -They introduced efficient methods of farming (s)

Question 11

What were the negative impacts of new imperialism

Answer 11

• Africa was randomly partitioned (p)

-African Kings/Chiefs were killed or sent into exile for not allowing Europeans to take over their land(p)

-The governments were based on administrative hierarchy , with europeans at the top and Africans at the bottom (s)

• Traditional african cultures were undermined (s)
• The introduction of money changed the nature of the African economy (e)

-Ownership of land shifted to europeans (s)

• There was a large scale exploitation of African resources (e)
  -Forced labour was used , workers who did not meet their quota were killed/beaten(s)