New dialect formation

Question 1

What major two factors of dialect contact have caused levelling and diffusion?

Answer 1

The creation of new towns

Immigration

Question 2

What are the stages of dialect formation?

Answer 2

1. Long-term dialect contact
2. leads to acts of convergence/divergence
3. New dialect formation

Question 3

How does new dialect formation occur?

Answer 3

When there are large amounts of newcomers to an area

Question 4

Why do children play a key role in the formation of new dialects (levelling)?

Answer 4

Before the age of 4 childrens speech mirrors that of their caregivers, however after the age of 4 children adapt their cernacular as a result of impact from ther peers = new levelled variety

Question 5

Levelling in new towns - Milton Keynes

Kerswill and Williams- results

Answer 5

MOUTH - convergence to RP-like pronunciation in the WC speech

divergence from localized pronunciations

Question 6

Levelling in new towns - Milton Keynes

Kerswill and Williams- Conclusion

Answer 6

Shows regional levelling (towards RP) AND social levelling because there is a reduction between WC and MC

Question 7

Shows that RP isnt winning if they compare to their findings in the PRICE vowel

Answer 7

shows that there is a new dialect form

Question 8

What are multi-ethnolects?

Answer 8

A term given to younger speakers that live in a L2 environment.
e.g multicultural london english is the multi-ethnolect spoken in parts of london.