New deck

Question 1

What can mimic a seizure?

Answer 1

-Vasovagal syncope is a partial or complete interruption of awareness and may be accompanied by clonic jerks. It is associated with postural change, neck movement (baroreceptor), micturition, coughing
-Non-epileptic attack disorder, i.e. pseudoseizure, is more common in females with previous psychiatric illnesses. Often provoked by stress, incontinence is uncommon
-Cardiac arrhythmia should be especially considered in patients with cardiac history (Fig 1). May be present with myoclonus
-Hyperventilation/panic attacks with symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, paraesthesia and altered conscious level
-Cerebral vascular event caused by temporary disturbance of blood supply to an area of the brain, which results in a sudden, brief decrease in brain function

Question 2

Common reversible causes of cardiac arrest

Answer 2

4Hs and 4Ts

H- hypoxia
H- hypovolaemia
H- hypothermia
H- hypo/hyperkalaemia
T- thrombosis
T- tension pneumothorax
T- tamponade
T- toxins

Question 3

Shockable vs non-shockable rhythms

Answer 3

Shockable: Ventricular fibrillation, Ventricular tachycardia

Non-shockable: Asystole, pulseless electrical activity, atrial fibrilation, atrial tachycardia

Question 4

ALS for shockable rhythmns

Answer 4

For ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation

1 shock min 150 J (if witnessed on cardiac monitor 3 stackable shocks)
2 mins CPR

After third and fifth shock 300mg amiodarone

1mg Adrenaline every 3-5 mins

Question 5

ALS non-shockable rhythmns

Answer 5

PEA, Atrial fibrillation, Atrial tachycardia or asystole

1mg adrenaline ASAP
Repeat 1mg adrenaline every 3-5 mins