New Deal Flashcards
1
Q
TU progress during the New Deal
A
- NIRA, 1933 set up NRA to improve relations between workers and employers on matters like wage and hours
- Wagner Act, 1935 said workers can elect own reps, take part in collective bargaining and join unions
- National Labor Relations Board bargaining on unions behalf
- Growth in membership by 5 million
- General Motors sit-in resulted in recognition of the United Automobile Worker’s Unions. US steel recognized The Steel Workers Organizing Committee
- FLSA min wage
- CIO encouraged AAs to join
2
Q
TU lack of progress during New Deal
A
- Henry Ford didn’t recognize NIRA or Wagner
- SC declares NIRA unconstitutional
- Strike-breakers and strong arm used
- Unskilled and agricultural workers didn’t benefit from NIRA of FLSA as they held up pay differentials
- Limits to welfare reforms to poorer paid due to state and federal conflicts
3
Q
AA progress under New Deal
A
- Robert Weaver as adviser to AA economics led to more grants for homes and hospitals for AAs
- Federal Emergency Relief Administration resulted in higher literacy rates and employment training
- Farm Security Administrators helped Southern AAs who were hit by 1929 drop in food prices
- Influence of Eleanor Roosevelt and growth of NAACP membership
4
Q
AA lack of progress under New Deal
A
- AAA resulted in 200, 000 AAs losing jobs so sharecroppers suffered
- AAs suffered the most from unemployment
- Working conditions improvements excluded agricultural and domestic service
- NRA evaded by many Southern employers and not much influence in North
- Wagner Act strengthened unions but AAs often just casual workers
- Social Security Act didn’t apply to much of the work done by AAs
- Segregation remained even in army
- CCC did employ some AAs but they received worst work
- TVA and FHA discriminatory
- No increase on voting rights
5
Q
NA gaining rights under the New Deal
A
- 1934 Wheeler-Howard meant NAs had more say in controlling reservations
- Allowed religious and cultural practices such as use of hallucinatory drugs
- Stopped sale of NA land and allocated unused land to reservations
- NA children went to local school to learn about NA culture
- Reservations led by tribal councils which strengthened tribal bonds
- NA training in order to improve farming and medical facilities
6
Q
NA not gaining rights under New Deal
A
- Continued policy of assimilation and termination undermined the progress of Wheeler-Howard
- Voting was used to decide on New Deal and this was seen as conforming to white man’s culture
- There was no return of lost NA land
- 75/245 refused the measures although being organized under self-organizing bodies
- Insufficient funding to buy back reservation lands which had been sold off
- Gains short-term as the funding was stopped due to the economic demands of WWII
7
Q
Women gaining rights under the New Deal
A
- Roosevelt appointed women to leading positions such as the first female appeal court judge, ambassador and director of the US mint
- FLSA and National Recovery Administration limiting hours and min wages benefited women.
- SSA, 1935 helped married women with children during the depression
- Much of this legislation was from proposals by female social workers and reformers of the 1920s
- More political and union activity eg 1930-1940 saw 300% rise in unionized female labour and more married women were working
- Eleanor Roosevelt spoke for women’s group and they had a far more sympathetic administration to appeal to
8
Q
Women not gaining rights under the New Deal
A
- National Recovery Administration established a lower minimum wag for women.
- Domestic workers (mostly women) did not benefit from lots of the legislation
- Agricultural policy negatively affected AA sharecroppers
- Southern women were disadvantaged by legislation raising costs
- Women advisers were restricted to traditional women’s roles of social and family policy
- No radical improvement in political involvement
