New Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Linezolid
How does it work?
When to use?
Side effects?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis - 50S inhibitor

Gram positive cover + mycobacteria + Nocardia
Same as vanc

Side effects:

  • GIT upset
  • Cytopenias
  • Neuropathy
  • MAO-inhibition - aviod SSRIs, Tramadol, pethidine
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2
Q

Daptomycin
How does it work?
When to use?

A

Cyclic lipopeptide –> binds to cell membrane –> inhibits synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein –> bactericidal

Gram positives and VRE
Not VISA or VRSA
Not for pnuemonia

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3
Q

Tigecycline
How does it work?
When to use?

A

Protein synthesis inhibitor - bacteriostatic

MRSA, MSSA, VISA, VRE and many gram negative except pseudomonas

Many induce gram negative resistance

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4
Q

Ceftroline
How does it work?
When to use?

A

Cephlosporin - bacteriocidal

MRSA and VISA
Not VRE or ESBL

Mostly pneumonia and skin infections

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5
Q

Colistin
How does it work?
When to use?
Side effects?

A

Binds lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids in outer cell membrane –> disruption of cell membrane –> leakage and cell death

Most gram negatives

Side effects:

  • Sulphur allergy
  • Neurotoxicity
  • Renal toxicity
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6
Q

Fosfomycin
How does it work?
When to use?

A

Inihibits MurA enzyme –> inhibits bacterial cell wall biogenesis - bactericidal

Resistant UTIs - not pseudomonas

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7
Q

Ceftazidime + avibactam
Ceftolozane + tazobactam

When to use?

A

MDR gram negative including pseudomonas

CIAIs and complicated UTIs

Not anaerobes

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8
Q

Moxifloxacin
When to use?
Side effects?

A

Very broad spectrum
Not pseudomonas

Requires 2 step resistance

Side effects:

  • C. difficle
  • Increased QT interval
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9
Q

Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis?

A
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Vancomycin
Monobactams
Carbopenems
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10
Q

Inhibitors of DNA gynase by binding to topoisomerase IV?

A

Quinolones - ciprofloxicin

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11
Q

Inhibitors of folate metabolism?

A

Trimethoprim

Sulfonamides

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12
Q

Disruptors of cytoplasmic membrane structure?

A

Daptomycin

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13
Q

Inhibitors of RNA elongation?

A

Actinomycin

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14
Q

DNA directed RNA polymerase inhibitors?

A

Rifampin

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15
Q

30S ribosomal inhibitors?

–> inaccurate RNA translation

A

Aminoglycosides - gentamycin etc
Tetracyclines - doxycycline etc
Amikacin
Nitrofuratoin

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16
Q

50S ribosomal inhibitors?

A

Macrolides - erythomycin
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin