New And Emerging Technologies

Question 1

Algorithm

Answer 1

A sequence of logical instructions for carrying out a task. In computing, algorithms are needed to design computer programs.

Question 2

Automation

Answer 2

Using automatic equipment in production.

Question 3

Computer aided design (CAD)

Answer 3

The process of creating a 2D or 3D design using computer software.

Question 4

Computer aided manufacture

Answer 4

The manufacture of a part or product from a computer aided design (CAD) using computer-controlled machinery, such as a 3D printer.

Question 5

Durable

Answer 5

Hardwearing

Question 6

Finite resources

Answer 6

Resource that can only be used once and is in limited supply. For example, oil is a finite resource.

Question 7

Fossil fuels

Answer 7

Natural, finite fuel formed from the remains of living organisms, eg oil, coal and natural gas.

Question 8

Government incentives

Answer 8

Benefits the governments can give businesses when they change manufacturing to benefit the environment.

Question 9

Greenhouse gases

Answer 9

The gases responsible for global warming and climate change - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons).

Question 10

Market pull

Answer 10

When consumer demand forces the invention or development of a new product.

Question 11

Social factors

Answer 11

People, society, social responsibility

Question 12

Examples of social concerns

Answer 12

Animal testing, religion, fashion trends, eco friendly, ethical concerns, culture,

Question 13

Cultural factors

Answer 13

Religion, respecting beliefs, sensitive to cultural differences
Eg: use of animal fur goes against some beliefs

Question 14

In terms of cultural affects what do designers ensure ?

Answer 14

Ensure products does not cause offence
Eg: Gucci-> knit top caused offence due to oversized lips and black colour and had a negative affect on cultural difference

Question 15

Ethical factors

Answer 15

Beliefs and views (rights and wrongs) environmental, cultural
Eg: purchases from ethical sources (FSC)

Question 16

Environmental factors

Answer 16

If it affects the environment

Eg: woods can be recycled however, plastics takes a long time to decompose

Question 17

Availability

Answer 17

If the material can be accessed, is the material in high demand, is there shortages

Question 18

Cost

Answer 18

If the material is expensive or affordable (bulk buying)

Question 19

Challenges

Answer 19

Mining, farming, oil leaks, reducing carbon footprint (CO2), fair trade,

Question 20

Examples of environmental challenges

Answer 20

Pollution, global warming, co2 emissions, renewable resources, wasted resources

Question 21

Planned obsolescence

Answer 21

When products are manufactured to last a specific length of time before needing to be replaced

Question 22

Planned obsolescence is used to…

Answer 22

Maintain sales

Question 23

Does planned obsolescence have a positive or negative impact?

Answer 23

Has a negative impact on the environment as more waste is created in the manufacture of new products and disposal of old ones

Question 24

How companies achieve planned obsolescence ?

Answer 24

Using materials that break /wear out easily
Cost of repairing being more than replacing
Upgrades in software
Aesthetics upgrade to match fashion trends

Question 25

Consumer demand

Answer 25

Realise responsibility to help reduce waste
Leads to an increase demand for environmental friendly products
Also an increase in demand for up cycled products and second hand products

Question 26

Responsibility consumers have at end of life

Answer 26

Recycle schemes with council for household rubbish
Returning electronic products to companies for disposal
Repairing parts of a product rather than throwing it
Refill existing bottles to reduce waste

Question 27

What has become a key part in design process ?

Answer 27

Responsibility for designers and manufactures to consider environmentally impacts of their products

Question 28

LCA

Answer 28

Life cycle assessment

Question 29

LCA is used to….

Answer 29

Analyse all the stages in a products life and highlight the impacts it’ll have on the environment. Designers then can investigate ways to reduce negative impacts

Question 30

An example of a way designers designed to reduce negative impact

Answer 30

Disassembly so parts can be easily identified to reuse, recycle, repair or replace
Increase use of lean manufacturing to reduce waste and create efficient products