New And Emerging Technologies Flashcards
Algorithm
A sequence of logical instructions for carrying out a task. In computing, algorithms are needed to design computer programs.
Automation
Using automatic equipment in production.
Computer aided design (CAD)
The process of creating a 2D or 3D design using computer software.
Computer aided manufacture
The manufacture of a part or product from a computer aided design (CAD) using computer-controlled machinery, such as a 3D printer.
Durable
Hardwearing
Finite resources
Resource that can only be used once and is in limited supply. For example, oil is a finite resource.
Fossil fuels
Natural, finite fuel formed from the remains of living organisms, eg oil, coal and natural gas.
Government incentives
Benefits the governments can give businesses when they change manufacturing to benefit the environment.
Greenhouse gases
The gases responsible for global warming and climate change - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons).
Market pull
When consumer demand forces the invention or development of a new product.
Social factors
People, society, social responsibility
Examples of social concerns
Animal testing, religion, fashion trends, eco friendly, ethical concerns, culture,
Cultural factors
Religion, respecting beliefs, sensitive to cultural differences
Eg: use of animal fur goes against some beliefs
In terms of cultural affects what do designers ensure ?
Ensure products does not cause offence
Eg: Gucci-> knit top caused offence due to oversized lips and black colour and had a negative affect on cultural difference
Ethical factors
Beliefs and views (rights and wrongs) environmental, cultural
Eg: purchases from ethical sources (FSC)
Environmental factors
If it affects the environment
Eg: woods can be recycled however, plastics takes a long time to decompose
Availability
If the material can be accessed, is the material in high demand, is there shortages
Cost
If the material is expensive or affordable (bulk buying)
Challenges
Mining, farming, oil leaks, reducing carbon footprint (CO2), fair trade,
Examples of environmental challenges
Pollution, global warming, co2 emissions, renewable resources, wasted resources
Planned obsolescence
When products are manufactured to last a specific length of time before needing to be replaced
Planned obsolescence is used to…
Maintain sales
Does planned obsolescence have a positive or negative impact?
Has a negative impact on the environment as more waste is created in the manufacture of new products and disposal of old ones
How companies achieve planned obsolescence ?
Using materials that break /wear out easily
Cost of repairing being more than replacing
Upgrades in software
Aesthetics upgrade to match fashion trends
Consumer demand
Realise responsibility to help reduce waste
Leads to an increase demand for environmental friendly products
Also an increase in demand for up cycled products and second hand products
Responsibility consumers have at end of life
Recycle schemes with council for household rubbish
Returning electronic products to companies for disposal
Repairing parts of a product rather than throwing it
Refill existing bottles to reduce waste
What has become a key part in design process ?
Responsibility for designers and manufactures to consider environmentally impacts of their products
LCA
Life cycle assessment
LCA is used to….
Analyse all the stages in a products life and highlight the impacts it’ll have on the environment. Designers then can investigate ways to reduce negative impacts
An example of a way designers designed to reduce negative impact
Disassembly so parts can be easily identified to reuse, recycle, repair or replace
Increase use of lean manufacturing to reduce waste and create efficient products
